Buddhism
Developing a one sided argument

WJEC EDUQAS

Read the first side of the argument as a group. Discuss possible evidence for an alternative side of the argument and note them down. Then reveal the hidden points and compare with your own. Create a combined list with any of those points you did not consider.


“The way of an arhat is more legitimate than that of a bodhisattva.” Assess this claim.

One side

The way of the arhat is the way of the historical Buddha and the closest path to the one the Buddha followed.

The Buddha initiated the Sangha, its rules and disciplines and established the basic principles of monasticism and the path of wisdom through meditation.

The way of the arhat is much more focussed on insight and wisdom than on wordly matters.

The arhat would also deny that their tradition is selfish as they have understood the concept of anatta 'not self' and overcome the feeling of thirst and craving.

Arhats view their community as that within the monastic discipline, the Sangha.

Also the role of monks in such Theravadin communities as Sri Lanka and Thailand are as a role model for society as they are traditionally 'forest dwellers' and as such has become part of their culture and to change this way of life may upset the followers of Buddhism.

An arhat may argue that although it would seem that the bodhisattva has gone through a much longer process, infact the arhat has already done so through their meditation on the Dhamma.

The arhat would argue that the bodhisattva and arhat are on equal terms when the bodhisattva reaches stage ten and the arhat becomes a 'non-returner'.

Another, alternative perspective

The arhat path seems to emphasise personal spiritual development and therefore would seem to lack contact with the community. The way of the bodhisattva is much more open to all.

An arhat path can be accused of being an elitist division of Buddhism as it is generally accepted that only those within the monasteries can achieve nibbana.

The relationship between the bodhisattva and the community would seem a lot more open due to the emphasis being on helping others through skilful means and the focus on compassion for all sentient beings.

The bodhisattva path could claim to be superior due to its length and complexity.

Through the bhumis (stages) and paramitas (perfections) the bodhisattva moves to the point of enlightenment only to illustrate the perfect state of selflessness (anatta) by refusing enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings.

Bodhisattvas such as Avalokiteshvara and are trusted as they will help those in need no matter of their previous lifestyle.

The bodhisattva aims to return to the world of samsara to benefit others whereas the arhat aims only to escape from the world and reach the state of parinibbana.