Sampling techniques may be random or non-random.

Random techniques

From your wider sociological knowledge, list random sampling techniques you are familiar with.

  • Simple random sampling
  • Systematic random sampling
  • Stratified random sampling
  • Cluster sampling
  • Multi-stage random sampling

This is not a definitive list but covers the majority of random techniques.

Sampling techniques may be random or non-random

Non-random techniques

From your wider sociological knowledge, list non-random sampling techniques you are familiar with.

  • Purposive sample
  • Volunteer sampling
  • Convenience sampling
  • Snowball sampling

Sampling techniques may be random or non-random

Decide where to place quota sampling.


They are a way of trying to obtain a representative sample, by selecting people in proportion to their numbers in the target population. However the selection of those chosen is not random. Once the quota from a subgroup has been filled, the researcher will continue to seek those who fulfil the criteria for another subgroup. For example if researching views of people regarding the health facilities in a particular postcode area, the number of males and the number of females in the area could be established. Therefore, once the right proportion of females had been spoken to, then the researcher would only be interested in males.