Physical Factors that can affect an individual’s well-being include:
Ymhlith y Ffactorau Corfforol all effeithio ar les unigolyn mae:
Just as individuals inherit characteristics such as eye colour from their parents, some medical conditions can be passed onto a child from their parent/parents. These are referred to as genetic or inherited disorders.
A genetic disorder arises from the presence of an abnormal gene in an individual’s genetic makeup. This may be inherited from one or both parents but this may not always be the case (for example, Down’s Syndrome).
They may also inherit defective genes that give rise to ill health. These include:
Children with a genetic disorder may miss school due to infections or hospitalisation and this will affect their intellectual development.
Missed opportunities to develop friendships may affect social and emotional development. Where genetic conditions cause digestive problems physical development may also be affected.
Fel mae unigolion yn etifeddu nodweddion fel lliw'r llygaid oddi wrth eu rhieni, gall rhai cyflyrau meddygol gael eu trosglwyddo o'r rhiant/rhieni i'r plentyn. Cyfeirir at y rhain fel anhwylderau genetig neu etifeddol.
Mae anhwylder genetig yn deillio o bresenoldeb genyn annormal yng nghyfansoddiad genetig unigolyn. Gall gael ei etifeddu oddi wrth un rhiant neu'r ddau riant ond efallai na fydd hyn yn wir bob amser (er enghraifft, Syndrom Down).
Gallant hefyd etifeddu genynnau diffygiol sy'n arwain at salwch. Yn eu plith, mae:
Efallai y bydd plant ag anhwylder genetig yn colli'r ysgol oherwydd heintiau neu gyfnod yn yr ysbyty, a fydd yn effeithio ar eu datblygiad deallusol.
Gall cyfleoedd a fethir i wneud ffrindiau effeithio ar ddatblygiad cymdeithasol ac emosiynol. Lle mae cyflyrau genetig yn achosi problemau treulio gellir gweld effaith ar ddatblygiad corfforol hefyd.
Research each of the diseases mentioned on the previous screen and then test your understanding by matching the illness and the description.
Ymchwiliwch i'r holl glefydau a nodir ar y sgrin flaenorol ac yna profwch eich dealltwriaeth drwy baru'r salwch i'r disgrifiad.
Warning! This resource is not optimised for use on mobile devices.
Rhybudd! Ni ellir defnyddio’r adnodd yma ar ffonau symudol neu dabled.
Well done. You have matched them all correctly.
Da iawn. Rydych wedi paru pob un yn gywir.
Terms Termau |
Definitions Diffiniadau |
Correct answers Atebion cywir |
---|
Individuals may be born with a disability or may acquire a disability at any stage of life due to an accident, disease or degeneration of the body due to age.
Gall unigolyn gael ei eni ag anabledd neu gall gael anabledd ar unrhyw adeg mewn bywyd oherwydd damwain, clefyd neu am fod y corff yn dirywio oherwydd oedran.
A sensory disability is a disability of the senses (i.e. sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste). There are a number of conditions that would be classed as sensory disabilities including:
Anabledd sy'n effeithio ar y synhwyrau (h.y. golwg, clyw, arogl, cyffyrddiad, blas) yw anabledd synhwyraidd. Mae nifer o gyflyrau a fyddai'n cael eu dosbarthu'n anableddau synhwyraidd gan gynnwys:
Individuals may be born with a disability or may acquire a disability at any stage of life due to an accident, disease or degeneration of the body due to age.
Gall unigolyn gael ei eni ag anabledd neu gall gael anabledd ar unrhyw adeg mewn bywyd oherwydd damwain, clefyd neu am fod y corff yn dirywio oherwydd oedran.
A physical disability is any disability that limits an individual's physical or mobility capacity. It can be caused by disease or accident, but some conditions can be genetic. These include:
Mae anabledd corfforol yn unrhyw anabledd sy'n cyfyngu ar allu corfforol neu symudedd unigolyn. Gall gael ei achosi gan glefyd neu ddamwain, ond gall rhai cyflyrau fod yn enetig. Yn eu plith, mae:
Individuals may be born with a disability or may acquire a disability at any stage of life due to an accident, disease or degeneration of the body due to age.
Gall unigolyn gael ei eni ag anabledd neu gall gael anabledd ar unrhyw adeg mewn bywyd oherwydd damwain, clefyd neu am fod y corff yn dirywio oherwydd oedran.
A learning disability affects how an individual learns new things throughout their lifetime. These disabilities can be mild, moderate or profound (severe). Conditions can include:
Mae anabledd dysgu yn effeithio ar y ffordd mae unigolyn yn dysgu pethau newydd drwy gydol ei oes. Gall yr anableddau hyn fod yn ysgafn, yn gymedrol neu'n ddifrifol. Gall y cyflyrau gynnwys:
What types of disabilities could these conditions cause? Beware!
Some conditions can cause more than one disability.
Pa fathau o anableddau allai'r cyflyrau hyn eu hachosi? Byddwch yn ofalus!
Gall rhai cyflyrau achosi mwy nag un anabledd.
Physical Factors that can affect an individual’s well-being include:
Ymhlith y Ffactorau Corfforol all effeithio ar les unigolyn mae:
A good diet has a variety of benefits, including:
The body uses water in all its cells, organs and tissues. Water is lost through breathing, sweating and digestion.
Rehydration replaces the water lost and has the following important benefits:
Studies have found that breastfeeding for the first six months of life, gives a baby the best start in life.
The health and developmental benefits for babies include:
Breastfeeding also has a number of benefits for the mother:
It is recommended that babies who are only given breastmilk in the first 6 months of life should also be given a daily supplement of vitamin D.
Babies may be bottle fed with expressed breast milk or infant formula.
Formula milk, also known as baby formula or infant formula, is usually made from cows’ milk that has been treated to make it more suitable for babies.
There's a wide range of different formula brands and types in the shops. Labels carefully to make sure suitable milk is purchased for the baby.
Formula comes in two different forms: a dry powder that can be made up with water and ready-to-feed liquid formula. While ready-to-feed liquid formula can be convenient, it tends to be more expensive and, once opened, needs to be used more quickly.
Formula milk provides babies with the nutrients they need to grow and develop. However, it doesn't have the same health benefits as breast milk for the mother and baby, for example, it can't protect the baby from infections.
In the first six months of life, babies will only need breast milk or formula. After this, foods should be introduced gradually to prevent the risk of allergies.
Foods that need to be introduced one at a time include:
Mae gan ddeiet da amrywiaeth o fuddiannau, gan gynnwys:
Mae'r corff yn defnyddio dŵr yn ei holl gelloedd, organau a meinweoedd. Caiff dŵr ei golli drwy anadlu, chwysu a threulio.
Mae ailhydradu yn cymryd lle'r dŵr a gollir ac mae ganddo'r buddiannau pwysig canlynol:
Mae astudiaethau wedi dangos mai bwydo ar y fron am y chwe mis cyntaf mewn bywyd sy'n rhoi'r dechrau gorau mewn bywyd i'r baban.
Ymhlith y buddiannau iechyd a datblygiadol i fabanod mae:
Mae i fwydo ar y fron nifer o fuddiannau i'r fam hefyd:
Argymhellir y dylai babanod sydd ond yn cael llaeth o'r fron yn ystod eu chwe mis cyntaf hefyd gael atchwanegiad fitamin D bob dydd.
Gall babanod gael eu bwydo â photel sy'n cynnwys llaeth o'r fron wedi'i odro neu fformiwla babanod.
Mae llaeth fformiwla, neu fformiwla babanod, fel arfer wedi'i wneud o laeth buwch, sydd wedi’i drin i'w wneud yn fwy addas i fabanod.
Mae ystod eang o wahanol frandiau a mathau o fformiwla ar gael yn y siopau. Dylid edrych ar labeli'n ofalus er mwyn sicrhau bod llaeth addas yn cael ei brynu i'r baban.
Mae dau wahanol fath o fformiwla: powdr sych all gael ei baratoi gyda dŵr a fformiwla hylif parod i fwydo. Er bod fformiwla hylif parod i fwydo yn gallu bod yn gyfleus, mae'n dueddol o fod yn ddrutach ac, unwaith mae wedi'i agor, mae angen ei ddefnyddio'n gyflymach.
Mae llaeth fformiwla yn darparu'r maetholion sydd eu hangen ar fabanod i dyfu a datblygu. Fodd bynnag, nid oes ganddo'r un buddiannau iechyd â llaeth o'r fron i'r fam na'r baban, er enghraifft ni all ddiogelu'r baban rhag heintiau.
Yn ystod chwe mis cyntaf bywyd, dim ond llaeth o'r fron neu fformiwla y bydd ei angen ar fabanod. Ar ôl hyn, dylai bwydydd gael eu cyflwyno'n raddol er mwyn atal y risg o alergeddau.
Ymhlith y bwydydd y mae angen eu cyflwyno un ar y tro mae:
Note the advantages and disadvantages of breastfeeding
Nodwch fanteision ac anfanteision bwydo ar y fron
Being physically active on a daily basis can affect health, development and well-being in a number of positive ways.
Gall gweithgarwch corfforol dyddiol gael effaith gadarnhaol ar iechyd, datblygiad a lles mewn sawl ffordd.
Babies, toddlers and nursery age children should be encouraged to move as much as possible through active play. This will have the following positive effects:
For children to stay healthy they need to ensure that they do three types of activities each week:
Exercise at this age will have the following positive benefits:
To stay healthy, adults should do aerobic and strengthening activities each week.
This could include playing football or going to dance classes to build aerobic capacity and gardening, weightlifting or yoga to strengthen muscles.
Exercise will have the following benefits:
In order to ensure that everyday tasks can still be carried out and for general health and well-being, older adults should aim to do aerobic and strengthening exercises.
At this stage of life exercise can have the following benefits:
Many adults work in jobs that involve sitting for up to seven hours a day, they drive to and from work and then spend their leisure time watching TV or using technology.
This is harmful to their health. Sitting for long periods can slow the metabolism which can lead to the body being unable to:
Dylai babanod, plant bach a phlant oedran meithrin gael eu hannog i symud cymaint â phosibl drwy chwarae gweithredol. Caiff hyn yr effeithiau cadarnhaol canlynol:
Er mwyn i blant aros yn iach mae angen iddynt sicrhau eu bod yn gwneud tri math o weithgaredd bob wythnos:
Bydd ymarfer corff yr oedran hwn yn sicrhau'r buddiannau cadarnhaol canlynol:
Er mwyn aros yn iach, dylai oedolion wneud gweithgareddau aerobig a chryfhau bob wythnos.
Gallai hyn gynnwys chwarae pêl-droed neu fynd i ddosbarthiadau dawns er mwyn cynyddu gallu aerobig a garddio, codi pwysau neu ioga er mwyn cryfhau'r cyhyrau.
Bydd gan ymarfer corff y buddiannau canlynol:
Er mwyn sicrhau y gall tasgau bob dydd gael eu cyflawni o hyd ac er mwyn sicrhau iechyd a lles cyffredinol, dylai oedolion hŷn anelu at wneud ymarfer corff aerobig a chryfhau.
Ar y cam hwn mewn bywyd gall ymarfer corff gael y buddiannau canlynol:
Mae llawer o oedolion yn gweithio mewn swyddi sy'n cynnwys eistedd am hyd at saith awr y dydd, maent yn gyrru i'r gwaith ac oddi yno ac yna'n treulio eu hamser hamdden yn gwylio'r teledu neu'n defnyddio technoleg.
Mae hyn yn niweidiol i'w hiechyd. Gall eistedd am gyfnodau hir arafu metabolaeth a all arwain at fethiant y corff i:
Read each scenario and then using the information on the previous screen and the fact files available in the resource pack; give recommendations on how to improve physical health.
Darllenwch bob senario ac yna defnyddiwch y wybodaeth ar y sgrin flaenorol a'r ffeiliau ffeithiau sydd ar gael yn y pecyn adnoddau; argymhellwch ffyrdd o wella iechyd corfforol.
Manon is due to give birth to her baby in the next few weeks. She doesn’t think that she wants to breastfeed her baby as she’s read that formula milk has all the same nutrients.
Mae disgwyl i Manon roi genedigaeth i'w baban yn yr ychydig wythnosau nesaf. Nid yw'n credu ei bod hi am fwydo'r baban ar y fron am ei bod wedi darllen bod llaeth fformiwla yn cynnwys yn union yr un maetholion.
Manon is free to choose whichever method of feeding suits her best. She should not be made to feel pressured into breastfeeding her baby if it isn’t right for her. However, there is no doubt that breast milk will always be best for the baby, particularly in the first few weeks when antibodies that will help fight infection are passed from mother to baby via the breast milk. If Manon does decide that she is going to breastfeed she needs to consider her lifestyle choices. As everything is passed to the baby in the breastmilk, Manon will need to abstain from alcohol and not smoke. She will also need to eat a diet rich in iron, vitamin, minerals and calcium. She will also need to ensure that she stays hydrated.
Mae croeso i Manon ddewis pa bynnag ddull o fwydo sy'n fwyaf addas iddi hi. Dylai hi ddim teimlo bod pwysau arni i fwydo ei babi ar y fron os nad yw hyn yn iawn iddi hi. Fodd bynnag, does dim dwywaith mai llaeth y fron sydd orau i'r babi bob amser, yn enwedig yn ystod yr wythnosau cyntaf pan mae gwrthgyrff sy'n helpu i ymladd heintiau yn cael eu trosglwyddo o'r fam i'r babi drwy laeth y fron. Os bydd Manon yn penderfynu ei bod am fwydo ar y fron mae angen iddi ystyried ei dewisiadau ffordd o fyw. Gan fod popeth yn cael ei drosglwyddo i'r babi yn llaeth y fron, bydd angen i Manon roi'r gorau i yfed alcohol a pheidio ag ysmygu. Hefyd, bydd angen iddi fwyta deiet sy'n cynnwys llawer o haearn, mwynau a chalsiwm. Hefyd, bydd angen iddi sicrhau ei bod hi’n yfed digon o ddŵr.
Delyth is a forty-year-old woman who works in an office, drives to work and spends her leisure time knitting. She is concerned that she seems to be putting on weight and needs to do something about it.
Mae Delyth yn 40 oed ac yn gweithio mewn swyddfa, yn gyrru i'r gwaith ac yn treulio ei hamser hamdden yn gwau. Mae'n poeni ei bod hi'n magu pwysau ac mae angen iddi wneud rhywbeth am hynny.
As we age our metabolic rate slows down and we find that we put on weight far more easily. We also begin to lose muscle mass. In order to combat this, Delyth needs to ensure she eats a healthy, varied diet and tries to cut down on sugary and fatty foods in order to keep her weight under control. She should also think about taking up a hobby that will allow her to be more active so that she can slow down the process of losing muscle mass. Muscle strengthening activities, such as carrying bags of shopping or gardening, would also improve her muscle tone.
Wrth i ni heneiddio mae ein cyfradd fetabolaidd yn arafu ac rydyn ni’n magu pwysau yn llawer haws. Rydyn ni hefyd yn colli màs y cyhyrau. Er mwyn atal hyn mae angen i Delyth wneud yn siŵr ei bod hi'n bwyta deiet iach, amrywiol ac yn ceisio bwyta llai o fwyd sy'n cynnwys siwgr a braster er mwyn cadw ei phwysau o dan reolaeth. Dylai hi hefyd ystyried cael hobi a fydd yn ei galluogi i fod yn fwy gweithgar er mwyn iddi arafu'r broses o golli màs y cyhyrau. Byddai gweithgareddau i gryfhau'r cyhyrau, fel cario bagiau o siopa neu arddio, hefyd yn gwella ffyrfder ei chyhyrau.
Dewi lost his wife earlier this year and at 66 is finding daily tasks like vacuuming are becoming difficult. He’s also feeling depressed and lethargic.
Collodd Dewi ei wraig yn gynharach eleni ac yn 66 oed mae'n ei chael hi'n fwyfwy anodd cyflawni tasgau bob dydd fel sugno llwch. Mae hefyd yn teimlo'n isel ac yn flinedig.
Dewi should be encouraged to get out and take up a new activity. Not only will this help him develop new friendships, but keeping active also helps to improve low mood. Increased fitness levels will also help Dewi carry out the day to day household chores that he is currently finding difficult.
Dylid annog Dewi i fynd allan a gwneud gweithgaredd newydd. Bydd hyn nid yn unig yn ei helpu i wneud ffrindiau newydd, bydd cadw'n weithgar hefyd yn helpu i godi ei hwyliau. Bydd gwella ei lefelau ffitrwydd hefyd yn helpu Dewi i gyflawni'r tasgau bob dydd o amgylch y cartref sy'n peri anhawster iddo ar hyn o bryd.
John loves aerobic activity – at 24 he runs three times a week and plays football every weekend. He’s finding that his upper body strength isn’t very good and doesn’t understand why.
Mae John wrth ei fodd yn gwneud gweithgareddau aerobig – yn 24 oed mae'n rhedeg deirgwaith yr wythnos ac yn chwarae pêl-droed bob penwythnos. Mae'n gweld nad yw rhan uchaf y corff yn gryf iawn ac ni all ddeall pam.
John needs to include some weight lifting activities in his exercise regime. At the moment, he is only focusing on activities that build aerobic capacity. Weight training sessions at the gym would help improve his upper body strength.
Mae angen i John gynnwys rhai gweithgareddau codi pwysau yn ei drefn ymarfer corff. Ar hyn o bryd, mae'n canolbwyntio ar weithgareddau sy'n gwella ei allu aerobig yn unig. Byddai sesiynau codi pwysau yn y gampfa yn helpu i wella cryfder rhan uchaf ei gorff.
Mali is seven months old, is constantly being sick, and has diarrhoea. Her mother started weaning her onto solid foods about a month ago. She blends everything the family eats with milk or water and feeds it to Mali.
Mae Mali yn saith mis oed. Mae'n chwydu drwy'r amser ac mae ganddi ddolur rhydd. Dechreuodd ei mam roi bwydydd solet iddi ryw fis yn ôl. Mae'n cymysgu popeth mae'r teulu yn ei fwyta â llaeth neu ddŵr ac yn ei fwydo i Mali.
Mali’s mother should stop feeding her daughter pureed versions of the food the family eat. At seven months, foods should be introduced one at a time so that any intolerance can be identified. It may be that she has an intolerance to dairy, but as she is currently having a mix of many ingredients, there is no way to know for sure.
Dylai mam Mali roi'r gorau i fwydo ei merch â fersiynau wedi'u malu o'r bwyd mae'r teulu yn ei fwyta. Dylai bwydydd gael eu cyflwyno un ar y tro i fabanod saith mis oed er mwyn sylwi ar unrhyw anoddefedd. Mae'n bosibl bod ganddi anoddefedd cynnyrch llaeth, ond gan ei bod hi'n cael cymysgedd o gynhwysion ar hyn o bryd does dim ffordd o wybod i sicrwydd.
Physical Factors that can affect an individual’s well-being include:
Ymhlith y Ffactorau Corfforol all effeithio ar les unigolyn mae:
Play is essential to the development of babies, and children because it contributes to their cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being.
Play promotes brain development and learning in babies and young children.
It also decreases the risk of developing health conditions like Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity.
Most children will have the ability to run and walk but they will need to be given the opportunity to practice other skills such as hopping, jumping, throwing and catching. Outdoor play allows them the space to do this. These types of activities will have physical benefits including:
This can involve more creative and imaginative play such as painting, playing with jigsaws, and role-play. This type of play can have developmental benefits including:
Mae chwarae yn hanfodol i ddatblygiad babanod a phlant am ei fod yn cyfrannu at eu lles gwybyddol, corfforol, cymdeithasol ac emosiynol.
Mae chwarae yn hybu datblygiad yr ymennydd a dysgu mewn babanod a phlant bach.
Mae hefyd yn lleihau'r risg o ddatblygu cyflyrau iechyd fel clefyd cardiofasgwlaidd, diabetes a gordewdra.
Bydd y rhan fwyaf o blant yn gallu rhedeg a cherdded ond bydd angen iddynt gael y cyfle i ymarfer sgiliau eraill fel hopian, neidio, taflu a dal. Mae chwarae yn yr awyr agored yn eu galluogi i wneud hyn. Bydd gan y mathau hyn o weithgareddau fuddiannau corfforol gan gynnwys:
Gall hyn gynnwys chwarae mwy creadigol a dychmygol fel peintio, chwarae gyda jig-sos, a chwarae rôl. Gall fod gan y math hwn o chwarae fuddiannau datblygiadol gan gynnwys:
Physical Factors that can affect an individual’s well-being include:
Ymhlith y Ffactorau Corfforol all effeithio ar les unigolyn mae:
There are a number of illnesses that can affect a child’s growth and development. These include:
In some cases, growth can be affected either by the illness or by the medications used to treat the illness.
This may restrict development opportunities through being unable to partake in physical activities. Pain and frequent visits to the hospital may also affect mental health.
Minor illnesses such as tonsillitis, coughs and colds, diarrhoea cause absences from school that can influence a child’s intellectual and social development.
More serious illnesses such as meningitis and measles although cured may leave the individual with a long-term disability such as hearing or vision loss and in the case of meningitis loss of limbs.
Mae nifer o fathau o salwch all effeithio ar allu plentyn i dyfu a datblygu. Yn eu plith, mae:
Mewn rhai achosion, gall y salwch neu'r meddyginiaethau a ddefnyddir i drin y salwch effeithio ar y gallu i dyfu.
Gall hyn gyfyngu ar gyfleoedd i ddatblygu am na ellir cymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau corfforol. Gall poen ac ymweliadau rheolaidd â'r ysbyty hefyd effeithio ar iechyd meddwl.
Mae mân anhwylderau fel tonsilitis, peswch ac annwyd, a dolur rhydd yn achosi absenoldeb o'r ysgol a all ddylanwadu ar ddatblygiad deallusol a chymdeithasol plentyn.
Gall anhwylderau mwy difrifol fel meningitis a'r frech goch, er iddynt wella, adael yr unigolyn gydag anabledd hirdymor, fel colli clyw neu olwg, ac yn achos meningitis colli coesau a breichiau.
Which of these could affect development and well-being in a positive manner and which in a negative manner?
Pa rai o'r rhain allai effeithio ar ddatblygiad a lles mewn ffordd gadarnhaol a pha rai mewn ffordd negyddol?