A number of social and emotional factors can affect development, health and well-being.
Gender stereotypes - Even today, children can be exposed to gender based stereotypes, with shops offering girls clothes and toys and boys clothes and toys. Children and parents can face teasing and criticism if they choose to dress or play with toys that break this stereotype. For instance, if a little boy decides to play with a doll he could be told that it is a girl’s toy and not for him. To counteract this stereotype, children should be encouraged to play with whatever interests them.
Gender inequality – Women tend to live longer than men but spend fewer years in good health. The gender pay gap puts women at greater risk of living in poverty, which would affect their well-being.
Transgender - Experiences of discrimination, social exclusion, harassment and violence directly impact the health and well-being of transgender individuals. However, transitioning and being able to express gender identity may improve health and well-being.
Gall nifer o ffactorau cymdeithasol ac emosiynol effeithio ar ddatblygiad, iechyd a lles.
Stereoteipiau o ran rhywedd - Hyd yn oed heddiw, gall plant ddod i gysylltiad â stereoteipiau sy'n seiliedig ar rywedd, gyda siopau yn gwerthu dillad a theganau merched a dillad a theganau bechgyn. Gall plant a rhieni wynebu tynnu coes a beirniadaeth os byddant yn dewis gwisgo neu chwarae gyda theganau sy'n herio'r fath stereoteip. Er enghraifft, os yw bachgen bach yn dewis chwarae gyda dol gellid dweud wrtho mai tegan i ferched ydyw, ac nid iddo ef. I wrthsefyll y stereoteip hwn, dylai plant gael eu hannog i chwarae gyda beth bynnag sydd o ddiddordeb iddynt.
Anghydraddoldeb rhywiol – Mae menywod yn dueddol o fyw'n hirach na dynion ond maent yn treulio llai o flynyddoedd mewn iechyd da. Mae'r bwlch cyflog rhwng y rhywiau yn golygu bod menywod yn wynebu mwy o risg o fyw mewn tlodi, a fyddai'n effeithio ar eu lles.
Trawsryweddol - Mae profi gwahaniaethu, allgáu cymdeithasol, aflonyddu a thrais yn cael effaith uniongyrchol ar iechyd a llesiant unigolion drawsryweddol. Fodd bynnag, gall trosi a mynegi hunaniaeth o ran rhywedd wella iechyd a llesiant.
Spin the wheel and discuss the statements. What is your view?
Trowch yr olwyn a thrafodwch y datganiadau. Beth yw'ch barn?
These traumatic experiences occur before the age of 18 and are remembered throughout adulthood.
These experiences range from suffering verbal, mental, sexual and physical abuse, to being raised in a household where domestic violence, alcohol abuse, parental separation or drug abuse is present.
Evidence shows children who experience stressful and poor quality childhoods are more likely to develop health-harming and anti-social behaviours, more likely to perform poorly in school, more likely to be involved in crime and ultimately less likely to be a productive member of society.
http://www.aces.me.uk/in-wales/There are many different forms of abuse and they all result in behaviour towards an individual that deliberately or intentionally cause harm. It is a violation of an individual’s human and civil rights and in the worst cases can result in death.
Abuse can be experienced by individuals throughout the life cycle.
Mae'r profiadau trawmatig hyn yn digwydd cyn 18 oed a chânt eu cofio drwy gydol oedolaeth.
Mae'r profiadau hyn yn amrywio o ddioddef camdriniaeth eiriol, feddyliol, rywiol a chorfforol, i dyfu i fyny ar aelwyd lle mae trais domestig, camddefnyddio alcohol, rhieni sydd wedi gwahanu neu gamddefnyddio cyffuriau yn bodoli.
Dengys tystiolaeth fod plant sy'n profi plentyndod llawn straen ac o ansawdd gwael yn fwy tebygol o ymddwyn mewn ffyrdd niweidiol i iechyd a gwrthgymdeithasol, yn fwy tebygol o berfformio'n wael yn yr ysgol, yn fwy tebygol o fod ynghlwm wrth droseddu ac, yn y pen draw, yn llai tebygol o fod yn aelod cynhyrchiol o gymdeithas.
http://www.aces.me.uk/cymraeg/Mae sawl math gwahanol o gamdriniaeth ac mae pob un yn arwain at ymddwyn mewn ffyrdd sy'n niweidio unigolyn arall yn fwriadol neu'n anfwriadol. Mae'n torri hawliau dynol a sifil unigolyn ac, yn yr achosion gwaethaf, gall achosi marwolaeth.
Gall unigolion gael eu cam-drin drwy gydol eu bywyd.
Read and consider the information from Public Health Wales on Adverse Childhood Experiences and their impact
Cymru Well Wales: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)and the importance of the first 1000 days in a child’s life
Cymru Well Wales : The first 1000 daysMake a note of the main points.
Darllenwch ac ystyriwch y wybodaeth gan Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru am Brofiadau Niweidiol yn ystod Plentyndod a'u heffaith
Cymru Well Wales: Profiadau Niweidiol yn ystod Plentyndod
a phwysigrwydd y mil o ddiwrnodau cyntaf ym mywyd plentyn
Cymru Well Wales : 1000 o Ddiwrnodau Cyntaf
Nodwch y prif bwyntiau.
Education can help individuals to live longer and healthier lives. The well-being of everyone within a learning community can be positively developed by fostering a safe, caring, supportive, purposeful environment that enables the development of relationships based on mutual respect
Schools and colleges have a critical role in supporting students to make healthy lifestyle choices and to understand consequences on lifelong health and well-being.
However, if educational experiences are affected by bullying, problems with learning, or feeling unable to fit in, then an individual’s well-being can be negatively affected.
Students can suffer mental health problems when studying for exams such as anxiety and depression.
Gall addysg helpu unigolion i fyw bywydau hirach ac iachach. Gall llesiant pawb mewn cymuned ddysgu gael ei ddatblygu'n gadarnhaol drwy greu amgylchedd diogel, gofalgar, cefnogol a phwrpasol sy'n fodd i ddatblygu cydberthnasau ar sail parch rhwng y naill a'r llall.
Mae gan ysgolion a cholegau rôl hanfodol i'w chwarae i helpu myfyrwyr i wneud dewisiadau ffordd o fyw iach a deall canlyniadau ar iechyd a llesiant gydol oes.
Fodd bynnag, os bydd bwlio, problemau dysgu, neu fethu â ffitio i mewn yn effeithio ar brofiadau addysgol, gall hyn gael effaith negyddol ar les unigolyn.
Gall myfyrwyr ddioddef problemau iechyd meddwl wrth astudio ar gyfer arholiadau, fel gorbryder ac iselder.
Being employed is good for health and well-being. It allows individuals to:
Individuals who are unemployed are more likely to:
If the demands of a job are greater than the employee’s ability to cope then this can lead to work related stress. This can lead to anxiety and depression.
Mae bod mewn swydd yn dda i iechyd a lles. Mae'n galluogi unigolion i:
Mae unigolion di-waith yn fwy tebygol o:
Os bydd gofynion swydd yn drech na gallu cyflogai i ymdopi, gall hyn arwain at straen sy'n gysylltiedig â gwaith. Gall arwain at orbryder ac iselder.
Culture is a set of ideas, customs and behaviours shared by particular individuals or society.
It can affect how a group of individuals think of health, illness and death, causes of diseases, where they seek help and the types of treatment they want. All of these things can influence health and well-being.
Young individuals from different cultural backgrounds can feel caught between two sets of cultural standards and values due to cultural views on sexuality, relationships, gender roles, education and employment. They can feel restricted in their choice of friends, and dating can cause family conflict.
Race refers to an individual's race, colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins.
Some races have a higher chance of certain diseases, for instance sickle cell anaemia is more prominent in Africans, Asians, Middle Eastern individuals and East Europeans.
Mental health issues can arise due to racism, which can lower an individual’s self-esteem, and confidence, which can lead to individuals withdrawing from contact with others, or being afraid of going to school or work. This will increase the risk of problems such as depression, anxiety and substance use.
Mae a wnelo diwylliant â set o syniadau, arferion a ffyrdd o ymddwyn a rennir gan grŵp o unigolion neu gymdeithas benodol.
Gall effeithio ar y ffordd mae grŵp o unigolion yn meddwl am iechyd, salwch a marwolaeth, achosion clefyd, ble i gael help a'r mathau o driniaeth maent am ei chael. Gall yr holl bethau hyn ddylanwadu ar iechyd a lles.
Gall unigolion ifanc o wahanol gefndiroedd diwylliannol deimlo eu bod wedi'u dal rhwng dwy set o safonau a gwerthoedd diwylliannol, oherwydd safbwyntiau diwylliannol yn ymwneud â rhywioldeb, cydberthnasau, rolau o ran rhywedd, addysg a chyflogaeth. Gallant deimlo'n rhwystredig o ran eu dewis o ffrindiau, a gall detio achosi gwrthdaro o fewn y teulu.
Mae hil yn cyfeirio at hil, lliw, cenedligrwydd a tharddiad ethnig neu genedlaethol unigolyn.
Mae ambell hil yn wynebu risg uwch o gael rhai clefydau, er enghraifft mae anemia y crymangelloedd yn fwy cyffredin ymhlith unigolion Affricanaidd, Asiaid, unigolion o'r Dwyrain Canol ac unigolion o Ddwyrain Ewrop.
Gall problemau iechyd meddwl ddeillio o hiliaeth, a all ostwng lefel hunan-barch a hyder unigolyn, a all arwain at unigolion yn osgoi cael cyswllt ag eraill, neu fod ofn mynd i'r ysgol neu'r gwaith. Bydd hyn yn cynyddu'r risg o broblemau fel iselder, gorbryder a defnyddio sylweddau.
For each of the scenarios below identify the impact of the situation on the individuals’ social and emotional growth and development and what could be done to support them.
Ar gyfer pob un o'r senarios isod, nodwch effaith y sefyllfa ar allu'r unigolion i dyfu a datblygu'n gymdeithasol ac yn emosiynol, a beth y gellid ei wneud i'w cefnogi.
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