A number of economic factors can affect development, health and well-being. These are things to do with money and include:
Economic factors affect the way individuals physical needs are met and can also affect their intellectual, emotional and social needs too.
This is the money earned from employment.
There is a direct link between the amount of money parents earn and how well their children do in school at an early age. It is claimed that children from lower income families do less well at school and have poorer health than the children from wealthier families have. This in turn can lead to less job opportunities and lower income when these children reach adulthood.
This may be because of factors such as a poor diet, a lack of access to goods and services that aid child development and reduced access to good play areas.
For adults, managing on a low income can be stressful and feeling at the bottom of the social ladder can have negative effects on self-esteem. Individuals on lower income are more likely to adopt unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking and drinking, whilst individuals on a high income are able to afford healthier lifestyles. This leads to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes.
Children whose parents are unemployed and rely solely on benefits can feel that their life chances are limited. They tend to do less well at school and can suffer with self-esteem problems and stress.
This is government support provided for individuals of any income level but it is mainly intended to ensure that those on lower income can meet their basic human needs such as food and shelter. Welfare benefits attempt to provide poorer individuals with a minimal level of well-being, which may be benefit payments (e.g. child benefit, housing benefit, income support) or a free, or a subsidised-supply of certain goods (e.g. baby milk).
Gall nifer o ffactorau economaidd effeithio ar iechyd a lles unigolyn, yn ogystal â'r ffordd mae'n datblygu. Mae'r rhain yn bethau sy'n ymwneud ag arian ac yn cynnwys:
Mae ffactorau economaidd yn effeithio ar y ffordd mae anghenion corfforol unigolion yn cael eu diwallu a gallant hefyd effeithio ar eu hanghenion deallusol, emosiynol a chymdeithasol hefyd.
Dyma'r arian sy'n cael ei ennill drwy waith.
Mae cysylltiad uniongyrchol rhwng faint o arian mae rhieni yn ei ennill a pha mor dda mae eu plant yn ei wneud yn yr ysgol o oedran cynnar. Honnir nad yw plant o deuluoedd incwm isel yn gwneud cystal yn yr ysgol a bod eu hiechyd yn waeth na phlant o deuluoedd mwy cyfoethog. Gall hyn yn ei dro arwain at lai o gyfleoedd gwaith a llai o incwm pan fydd y plant hyn yn oedolion.
Gall hyn fod oherwydd ffactorau fel deiet gwael, diffyg mynediad i nwyddau a gwasanaethau sy'n helpu plant i ddatblygu a llai o fynediad i ardaloedd chwarae da.
I oedolion, gall ymdopi ar incwm isel beri straen a gall teimlo fel eich bod ar waelod yr ysgol gymdeithasol gael effaith negyddol ar hunan-barch. Mae pobl ar incwm is yn fwy tebygol o fabwysiadu ffyrdd o fyw afiach, fel ysmygu ac yfed, tra bod pobl ar incwm uchel yn gallu fforddio byw bywydau iachach. Mae hyn yn cynyddu'r risg o glefyd y galon, strôc, canser a diabetes.
Gall plant sydd â rhieni di-waith, sy'n dibynnu'n gyfan gwbl ar fudd-daliadau, deimlo mai prin yw eu cyfleoedd mewn bywyd. Nid ydynt yn dueddol o wneud cystal yn yr ysgol a gallant ddioddef problemau gyda hunan-barch a straen.
Cymorth gan y llywodraeth yw hyn ar gyfer unigolion ag incwm o unrhyw lefel, ond y prif nod yw sicrhau bod pobl ar incwm isel yn gallu diwallu eu hanghenion dynol sylfaenol fel bwyd a llety. Mae budd-daliadau lles yn ceisio sicrhau bod gan yr unigolion tlotaf lefel sylfaenol o lesiant, a all fod yn fudd-daliadau (e.e. budd-dal plant, budd-dal tai, cymhorthdal incwm) neu gyflenwad am ddim neu â chymhorthdal o rai nwyddau (e.e. llaeth baban).
Savings – when individuals have an amount of money left over after all expenses have been met they are able to save some. Saving money provides psychological security and gives protection for unexpected circumstances. It can reduce stress if there is an emergency as individuals have the money they need.
Bills – this can be essential payments for rent for housing, council taxes, fuel, food, transport costs.
Debts – these are as a result of borrowing money to buy a house (mortgage) or an expensive piece of equipment, or from unpaid bills.
Individuals in the lowest income groups are more likely to have no savings, be behind on their bills and have high levels of debt.
Those high levels of debt can have a negative impact on health and well-being because:
Cynilion – pan fydd gan unigolion arian dros ben ar ôl talu am bopeth gallant gynilo mwy. Mae cynilo yn darparu sicrwydd seicolegol ac yn cynnig lefel o ddiogelwch mewn amgylchiadau annisgwyl. Gall leihau straen os bydd argyfwng oherwydd bydd gan unigolion yr arian os bydd ei angen.
Biliau – gall hyn fod yn daliadau hanfodol ar gyfer rhent, trethi cyngor, tanwydd, bwyd, costau trafnidiaeth.
Dyledion – mae'r rhain o ganlyniad i fenthyca arian i brynu tŷ (morgais) neu gyfarpar drud, neu o filiau heb eu talu.
Mae pobl yn y grwpiau incwm isaf yn fwy tebygol o fod heb unrhyw gynilion o gwbl, bod ar ei hôl hi wrth dalu biliau a bod mewn mwy o ddyled.
Gall y lefelau uchel hynny o ddyled gael effaith negyddol ar iechyd a lles oherwydd:
Poverty generally means that an individual has a very low income and can't afford to pay for essentials for living.
According to the Poverty and Social Exclusion organisation the following groups are vulnerable to poverty:
Poverty can negatively affect health, development and well-being in the following ways:
Yn gyffredinol mae tlodi'n golygu bod gan unigolyn incwm isel iawn ac na all fforddio talu am hanfodion bywyd.
Yn ôl y Sefydliad Tlodi ac Allgáu Cymdeithasol mae'r grwpiau canlynol yn agored i dlodi:
Gall tlodi gael effaith negyddol ar iechyd a lles, a datblygiad, yn y ffyrdd canlynol:
Sort these statements into columns based on what you think is a need and what you think we just want. There is no check facility. You need to explain your choices.
Rhowch y datganiadau hyn mewn colofnau yn seiliedig ar yr hyn rydym ei angen a'r hyn rydym ei eisiau yn eich barn chi. Nid oes cyfleuster gwirio. Bydd angen i chi esbonio eich dewisiadau.
Watch the first 1:48 minutes of this video – What do the Welsh Government think we need in order to live happy and healthy lives?
Gwyliwch 1:48 munud cyntaf y fideo hwn - Ym marn Llywodraeth Cymru, beth sydd ei angen arnom er mwyn byw bywydau hapus ac iach?