When assessing and planning, it is vital that children and young people are involved in the process. Care professionals must remember that children and young people are at the foundation of care planning; it is their body, their discomfort, their life, their future and their care. Care planning which is not child-centred is meaningless and not acceptable. Providing care that health and social care workers think a child or young person needs is not appropriate. Health and social care workers must value an individual’s role in this process — this is the best practice. It is essential to empower children and young people in their own care.
When establishing the preferences and backgrounds of children and young people, it is vital to ask the child or young person what they want and what they consider their needs to be. Leading questions should be avoided; for example, ‘Your after school arrangements are fully meeting all your needs, aren’t they?’ This may lead to agreement when it may not actually be the case. Open questions are preferred to closed questions, so instead of asking ‘Are you happy?’ the question could be rephrased as ‘Tell me about how you feel at the moment.’
Wrth asesu a chynllunio, mae'n hollbwysig mai'r plentyn neu’r person ifanc sy'n arwain y broses. Rhaid i weithwyr gofal proffesiynol gofio bod yr unigolyn wrth wraidd gwaith cynllunio gofal; ei gorff, ei anghysur, ei fywyd a'i ofal ei hun sydd dan sylw. Mae gwaith cynllunio gofal nad yw'n blentyn-ganolog yn ddiystyr ac yn annerbyniol. Nid yw'n dderbyniol darparu gofal y mae gweithwyr iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol yn meddwl sydd ei angen ar blentyn neu berson ifanc. Rhaid i weithwyr iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol werthfawrogi rôl unigolyn yn y broses hon – dyma'r arfer gorau. Mae'n hanfodol grymuso'r unigolyn yn ei ofal ei hun.
Wrth ganfod dewisiadau a chefndiroedd unigolion, mae'n hollbwysig gofyn i'r plentyn neu'r person ifanc beth mae am ei gael a beth mae'n credu yw ei anghenion. Dylid osgoi cwestiynau arweiniol; er enghraifft, ‘Mae dy drefniadau ar ôl ysgol yn diwallu dy anghenion i gyd yn llawn, onid ydyn nhw?’ Gall hyn wneud i'r unigolyn gytuno er nad yw'n teimlo hynny mewn gwirionedd. Mae'n well defnyddio cwestiynau agored yn hytrach na rhai caeedig felly, yn lle gofyn ‘Wyt ti'n hapus?’, gellid aralleirio'r cwestiwn fel hyn, ‘Dweda wrtha i sut rwyt ti'n teimlo ar hyn o bryd.’
Child-centred approaches are key to health and social care service delivery.
What could be the impact on children and young people if child-centred approaches are not implemented?
Mae dulliau gweithredu plentyn-ganolog yn allweddol ar gyfer darparu gwasanaethau iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol.
Beth yw'r effaith bosibl ar blant a phobl ifanc os na ddilynir dulliau gweithredu plentyn-ganolog?
The child or young person does not:
Nid yw'r plentyn neu berson ifanc yn:
Health and social care workers should meet with children and young people, their family and carers face to face. They should make clear that anything discussed will be confidential. This will reassure the children and young people that it is okay to divulge any necessary information.
Discussions should be in a simple format. Confusing children and young people with acronyms, jargon and technical terminology will not help them to lead the assessment. However, workers should avoid patronising children and young people by using language that is too simplistic. A balance of clear, detailed information is important.
If anything needs repeating, it should be done patiently and clearly. Care workers should clarify and summarise to ensure that everything is understood as well as to minimise mistakes.
Copies of the documents should be given to everyone involved. Where possible, documents should be in a format the child/young person understands, e.g. pictures, video, written. Workers need to ensure the individual understands these and is given the opportunity to ask any questions that they may have.
Dylai gweithwyr iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol gwrdd â phlant a phobl ifanc wyneb yn wyneb. Dylent ddweud yn glir y bydd unrhyw beth a drafodir yn cael ei gadw'n gyfrinachol. Bydd hyn yn tawelu meddwl yr unigolyn ei bod yn iawn datgelu unrhyw wybodaeth angenrheidiol.
Dylai trafodaethau fod yn syml. Ni fydd drysu unigolion ag acronymau, jargon a therminoleg dechnegol yn eu helpu i arwain yr asesiad. Fodd bynnag, dylai gweithwyr osgoi bod yn nawddoglyd ag unigolion drwy ddefnyddio iaith sy'n rhy syml. Mae'n bwysig taro cydbwysedd rhwng gwybodaeth glir a manwl.
Os bydd angen ailadrodd unrhyw beth, dylid gwneud hynny'n amyneddgar ac yn glir. Dylai gweithwyr gofal egluro a chrynhoi er mwyn sicrhau bod yr unigolyn yn deall popeth, a hefyd er mwyn sicrhau cyn lleied â phosibl o gamgymeriadau.
Dylai pawb sydd wedi eu cynnwys yn y mater dderbyn copi o’r dogfennau perthnasol. Lle y bo'n bosibl, dylai dogfennau fod ar fformat y mae'r plentyn/person ifanc yn ei ddeall e.e. lluniau, fideo, ysgrifenedig. Mae angen i weithwyr sicrhau bod yr unigolyn yn deall y rhain ac yn cael cyfle i ofyn unrhyw gwestiynau a allai fod ganddynt.