Examples of factors affecting well-being

Enghreifftiau o ffactorau sy'n effeithio ar lesiant

Healthy lifestyle

The well-being of individuals and carers is affected by a variety of factors that may be social, economic, cultural or physical. Some examples include:

  • Adverse Childhood Experiences.These can include abuse, neglect, being brought up in a household where there is domestic violence, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, parental separation. ‘Evidence shows children who experience stressful and poor quality childhoods are more likely to develop health-harming and anti-social behaviours, more likely to perform poorly in school, more likely to be involved in crime and ultimately less likely to be a productive member of society.’ (NHS Wales http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/page/88524)
  • Home background. A supportive and caring background provides the foundations for positive social development and provides positive role models. Mental illness, substance abuse, unemployment, violence and poverty may have a negative impact on the well-being of individuals and carers. Drug and alcohol abuse may lead to physical and emotional neglect.
  • Looked after children and young people. Individuals who have had a lack of consistency in care in early years or have come from abusive backgrounds may have had disrupted educations and poor educational achievements. These individuals are more likely to have a low well-being compared with those living in stable environments.
  • Positive, consistent and caring relationships. These support social development and confidence and positive role models. Individuals who move home frequently or have changes in family members or carers have a lower level of well-being than those with consistent relationships.
  • Secure attachment. Where an individual has secure attachments, they are self-confident and will participate readily in activities, supporting well-being.
  • Enjoyable and fulfilling career. Individuals who have jobs they enjoy and that challenge and fulfil them experience high levels of satisfaction and well-being.
  • Social deprivation. If an individual does not have opportunities to meet or mix with others they will experience social deprivation and become isolated, affecting their well-being.
  • Environment. A stimulating, safe, caring and supportive environment supports well-being and positive outcomes. An environment that encourages exercise (e.g. cycling, walking) with available sports facilities supports well-being. High quality water supplies, lack of pollution and chemical hazards and good housing support health and well-being. Individuals living in cramped conditions or sharing bedrooms and lacking privacy experience a lower level of well-being.
  • Educational experiences. Good educational experiences support confidence, knowledge and well-being. Consistent education in childhood supports well-being and academic achievement. Adult education and community classes support the development of new skills and confidence.
  • Economic factors. Where an individual experiences poverty and has limited opportunities, poor diet or suffers from neglect there is an impact on their well-being and health. Having enough money and no financial stresses supports well-being.
  • Disabilities and physical ill-health. Disabilities and ill-health may impact on an individual’s ability to exercise and socialise, and they may become isolated.
  • Sensory needs. Sensory difficulties may result in social isolation or communication difficulties.
  • Diet. A healthy diet supports good health, healthy weight and well-being.
  • Exercise. An individual who does not have the opportunity to exercise may become unfit and overweight and this will impact on their self-esteem as well as their health. For many adults, exercise also brings social contact within a community that supports well-being.
  • Religion and culture. An individual’s values, behaviour and expectations may be defined by their religion and culture.
  • Stress. Chronic stress can hinder brain development and ability to learn or concentrate.
  • Sleep, relaxation and rest. Sleep, relaxation and rest has a positive impact on well-being. Relaxation (e.g. through hobbies and sports) has an important role in developing a healthy lifestyle.

Mae amrywiaeth o ffactorau'n effeithio ar lesiant unigolion, gan gynnwys rhai cymdeithasol, economaidd, diwylliannol a chorfforol. Ymhlith yr enghreifftiau mae:

  • Profiadau Niweidiol yn ystod Plentyndod. Gall y rhain gynnwys cam-drin, esgeulustod, magwraeth mewn cartref lle mae cam-drin domestig, camddefnyddio cyffuriau, camddefnyddio alcohol, rhieni'n gwahanu. Dengys tystiolaeth fod plant sy'n cael plentyndod gwael sy'n llawn straen yn fwy tebygol o ddatblygu ymddygiad sy'n niweidiol i iechyd ac ymddygiad gwrthgymdeithasol, yn fwy tebygol o wneud yn wael yn yr ysgol, yn fwy tebygol o ymwneud â throseddu ac, yn y pen draw, yn llai tebygol o fod yn aelod cynhyrchiol o gymdeithas. (GIG Cymru cyfieithiad o http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/page/88524)
  • Cefndir cartref. Mae cefndir cefnogol a gofalgar yn gosod y sylfeini ar gyfer datblygiad cymdeithasol cadarnhaol ac yn darparu modelau rôl cadarnhaol. Gall salwch meddwl, camddefnyddio sylweddau, diweithdra, trais a thlodi gael effaith negyddol ar lesiant unigolion a gofalwyr. Gall camddefnyddio cyffuriau ac alcohol arwain at esgeulustod corfforol ac emosiynol.
  • Plant a phobl ifanc sy'n derbyn gofal. Gall diffyg cysondeb o ran gofal yn y blynyddoedd cynnar neu gefndiroedd lle ceir cam-drin darfu ar addysg unigolion ac arwain at gyflawniadau addysgol gwael. Mae'r unigolion hyn yn fwy tebygol o fod â llesiant gwael o gymharu â'r rhai sy'n byw mewn amgylcheddau sefydlog.
  • Cydberthnasau cadarnhaol, cyson a gofalgar. Mae'r rhain yn cefnogi datblygiad a hyder cymdeithasol a modelau rôl cadarnhaol. Mae gan unigolion sy'n symud tŷ yn aml neu sy'n wynebu newidiadau o ran aelodau'r teulu neu ofalwyr lefel is o lesiant na'r rhai sydd â chydberthnasau cyson.
  • Ymlyniad sicr. Os oes gan unigolyn ymlyniadau sicr, mae'n hunanhyderus a bydd yn cymryd rhan yn rhwydd mewn gweithgareddau, sy'n cefnogi ei lesiant.
  • Gyrfa sy'n llawn mwynhad a boddhad. Mae unigolion sydd â swyddi y maent yn eu mwynhau ac sy'n eu herio ac yn rhoi boddhad iddynt yn profi lefelau uwch o foddhad a llesiant.
  • Amddifadedd cymdeithasol. Os na fydd unigolyn yn cael cyfleoedd i gwrdd a chymysgu â phobl eraill, bydd yn profi amddifadedd cymdeithasol ac yn mynd yn ynysig, a fydd yn effeithio ar ei lesiant.
  • Amgylchedd. Mae amgylchedd ysgogol, diogel, gofalgar a chefnogol yn cefnogi llesiant a chanlyniadau cadarnhaol. Mae amgylchedd sy'n annog ymarfer corff (e.e. beicio, cerdded) lle mae cyfleusterau chwaraeon ar gael yn cefnogi llesiant. Mae cyflenwad dŵr o ansawdd da, diffyg llygredd a pheryglon cemegol a chymorth da o ran tai yn cefnogi iechyd a llesiant. Mae unigolion sy'n byw mewn amodau cyfyng neu sy'n rhannu ystafelloedd gwely a heb breifatrwydd yn profi lefel is o lesiant.
  • Profiadau addysgol. Mae profiadau addysgol da yn cefnogi hyder, gwybodaeth a llesiant. Mae addysg gyson yn ystod plentyndod yn cefnogi llesiant a chyflawniad academaidd. Mae addysg i oedolion a dosbarthiadau cymunedol yn cefnogi'r broses o feithrin sgiliau newydd a hyder.
  • Ffactorau economaidd. Os bydd unigolyn yn profi tlodi, yn cael cyfleoedd cyfyngedig, yn dilyn deiet gwael neu'n dioddef o esgeulustod, bydd hyn yn effeithio ar ei lesiant a'i iechyd. Mae cael digon o arian a dim straen ariannol yn cefnogi llesiant.
  • Anableddau a salwch corfforol. Gall anableddau a salwch effeithio ar allu unigolyn i wneud ymarfer corff a chymdeithasu, a gall fynd yn ynysig.
  • Anghenion synhwyraidd. Gall anawsterau synhwyraidd arwain at ynysu cymdeithasol neu anawsterau cyfathrebu.
  • Deiet. Mae deiet iach yn cefnogi iechyd da, pwysau iach a llesiant.
  • Ymarfer corff. Gall unigolyn nad yw'n cael cyfle i wneud ymarfer corff fynd yn anffit a thros bwysau, a bydd hyn yn effeithio ar ei hunan-barch yn ogystal â'i iechyd. I lawer o oedolion, mae ymarfer corff hefyd yn golygu eu bod yn dod i gysylltiad cymdeithasol â chymuned sy'n cefnogi llesiant.
  • Crefydd a diwylliant. Gellir diffinio gwerthoedd, ymddygiad a disgwyliadau unigolyn yn ôl ei grefydd a'i ddiwylliant.
  • Straen. Gall straen cronig lesteirio datblygiad yr ymennydd a'r gallu i ddysgu neu ganolbwyntio.
  • Cwsg, ymlacio a gorffwys. Mae cwsg, ymlacio a gorffwys yn cael effaith gadarnhaol ar lesiant. Mae ymlacio (e.e. drwy ddiddordebau a chwaraeon) yn chwarae rhan bwysig wrth ddatblygu ffordd iach o fyw.

The positive and negative well-being of individuals and carers is affected by a variety of factors.

Mae amrywiaeth o ffactorau'n effeithio ar lesiant cadarnhaol a negyddol unigolion a gofalwyr.

Reset quiz Ailosod y cwis