The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) has been designed to protect and empower those who are unable to make their own decisions about their care and treatment. It focuses on the needs of the individual. It also enables individuals to plan ahead in case they lack the capacity to make decisions in the future.
It covers decisions about day-to-day routines and events as well as larger decisions e.g. about care or medical treatment. It recognises that an individual may not have the capacity to make all decisions needed for their care but can make some. Involving individuals in decision making supports their positive well-being, self-esteem and confidence.
The Mental Capacity Act has five statutory principles which must underpin all actions and decisions made.
Every adult has the right to make his or her own decisions and must be assumed to have capacity to do so unless it is proved otherwise. This means that you cannot assume that someone is unable to make a decision for themselves just because they have a particular medical condition or disability.
A person must be given all practicable help before anyone treats them as not being able to make their own decisions. This means you should make every effort to encourage and support people to make the decision for themselves. If lack of capacity is established, it is still important that you involve the person as far as possible in making decisions.
People have the right to make decisions that others might regard as unwise or eccentric. You cannot treat someone as lacking capacity for this reason. Everyone has their own values, beliefs and preferences which may not be the same as those of other people.
Anything done for or on behalf of an individual who lacks mental capacity must be done in their best interests.
Someone making a decision or acting on behalf of a person who lacks capacity must consider whether it is possible to decide or act in a way that would interfere less with the person’s rights and freedoms of action, or whether there is a need to decide or act at all. Any intervention should be weighed up in the particular circumstances of the case.
Bwriad y Ddeddf Galluedd Meddyliol yw amddiffyn a grymuso'r bobl hynny na allant wneud eu penderfyniadau eu hunain ynglŷn â'u gofal a'u triniaeth. Mae'n canolbwyntio ar anghenion yr unigolyn. Hefyd, mae'n galluogi unigolion i gynllunio ymlaen llaw rhag ofn na fyddant yn gallu gwneud penderfyniadau yn y dyfodol.
Mae'n cynnwys penderfyniadau ynglŷn ag arferion a digwyddiadau o ddydd i ddydd yn ogystal â phenderfyniadau mwy, e.e. ynglŷn â gofal neu driniaeth feddygol. Mae'n cydnabod efallai na fydd gan unigolyn y gallu i wneud pob un o'r penderfyniadau sydd eu hangen ar gyfer ei ofal, ond y gall wneud rhai ohonynt. Mae cynnwys unigolion wrth wneud penderfyniadau yn cefnogi eu llesiant cadarnhaol, eu hunan-barch a'u hyder.
Mae gan y Ddeddf Galluedd Meddyliol bum egwyddor statudol y mae'n rhaid iddynt fod yn sail i bob gweithred a phenderfyniad a wneir.
Mae gan bob oedolyn yr hawl i wneud ei benderfyniadau ei hun a rhaid tybio bod ganddo'r galluedd i wneud hynny oni bai y profir fel arall. Golyga hyn na allwch dybio na all rhywun wneud penderfyniad drosto'i hun dim ond am fod ganddo gyflwr meddygol neu anabledd penodol.
Rhaid i berson gael pob cymorth ymarferol cyn i unrhyw un ei drin fel nad yw'n gallu gwneud ei benderfyniadau ei hun. Golyga hyn y dylech wneud pob ymdrech i annog a chefnogi pobl i wneud y penderfyniad drostynt eu hunain. Os penderfynir bod diffyg galluedd, mae'n dal i fod yn bwysig eich bod yn cynnwys y person cymaint â phosibl wrth wneud penderfyniadau.
Mae gan bobl hawl i wneud penderfyniadau y gallai pobl eraill eu hystyried yn annoeth neu'n ecsentrig. Ni allwch drin rhywun fel na bai ganddo alluedd am y rheswm hwn. Mae gan bawb eu gwerthoedd, eu credoau a'u dewisiadau eu hunain na fyddant o reidrwydd yr un peth â rhai pobl eraill.
Rhaid i unrhyw beth a wneir ar gyfer neu ar ran unigolyn heb alluedd meddyliol fod er ei fudd pennaf.
Rhaid i rywun sy'n gwneud penderfyniad neu'n gweithredu ar ran person heb alluedd ystyried a oes modd penderfynu neu weithredu mewn ffordd a fyddai'n ymyrryd llai â hawliau a rhyddid gweithredu'r person, neu a oes angen penderfynu neu weithredu o gwbl. Dylid pwyso a mesur unrhyw ymyriad yn ôl amgylchiadau penodol yr achos.
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Rhybudd! Ni ellir defnyddio’r adnodd yma ar ffonau symudol neu dabled.
Drag the description to the correct principle.
Llusgwch y disgrifiad at yr egwyddor gywir.
Well done. You have matched them all correctly.
Da iawn. Rydych wedi paru pob un yn gywir.
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