According to the Oxford Dictionaries the definition of dementia is: ‘A chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.’ (https://bit.ly/2HaW0cU)
Dementia is an overarching term that describes a range of neurological orders that are progressive. Dementia damages the nerve cells in the brain preventing the body from functioning correctly. Each individual is affected in different ways and the rate of progression varies from individual to individual. Changes may be small to start with but they could progress to interfere with daily life and activities. Dementia can affect an individual of any age but is most commonly seen in those over 65. Younger people developing dementia are described as having ‘early onset dementia’. The four most common types of dementia are Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. The most commonly known is Alzheimer’s.
Yn ôl yr Oxford Dictionaries y diffiniad o ddementia yw: ‘A chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.’ https://bit.ly/2HaW0cU
Mae dementia yn derm cyffredinol sy'n disgrifio amrywiaeth o gyflyrau niwrolegol cynyddol. Mae dementia yn niweidio'r nerfgellau yn yr ymennydd gan rwystro'r corff rhag gweithio'n iawn. Mae dementia yn effeithio ar bob unigolyn mewn ffyrdd gwahanol ac mae'n datblygu'n gynt mewn rhai unigolion nag eraill. Gall y newidiadau fod yn fach i ddechrau ond gallent ddatblygu nes eu bod yn amharu ar fywyd a gweithgareddau o ddydd i ddydd. Gall dementia effeithio ar bawb o bob oed ond mae'n fwy cyffredin ymhlith pobl dros 65 oed. Os bydd pobl ifanc yn datblygu dementia, dywedir bod ganddynt 'dementia cynnar'. Y pedwar math mwyaf cyffredin o ddementia yw Alzheimer's, dementia fasgwlar, dementia blaenarleisiol a dementia gyda chyrff Lewy. Yr un mwyaf adnabyddus yw Alzheimer's.
Signs and indicators of dementia vary from individual to individual but may include:
Gall arwyddion a dangosyddion dementia amrywio o unigolyn i unigolyn ond gallant gynnwys:
Living with dementia has an emotional, social and psychological impact on an individual.
An individual with dementia experiences a series of losses. Relationships with friends and family may change and an individual may be frustrated by having to ask others for support and a loss of independence. An individual with dementia experiences feelings of confusion which may make them feel angry and upset with themselves and those around them.
As a result of changes there can be a loss of self-esteem, confidence, independence and social contacts. This could prevent them from participating in activities or hobbies and may also affect their ability to drive. Individuals may become dependent on others to be able to go out and have more limited opportunities to access their local community and travel further. As the disease progresses there may be a reliance on carers or a move to residential care.
Watch the video: A Walk Through Dementia - at home
Further resources from Alzheimer’s research show day-to-day activities as experienced by individuals with dementia.
Mae byw gyda dementia yn cael effaith emosiynol, gymdeithasol a seicolegol ar unigolyn.
Mae unigolion â dementia yn profi cyfres o golledion. Gall cydberthnasau â ffrindiau a theulu newid a gall unigolyn deimlo'n rhwystredig am fod yn rhaid iddo ofyn i eraill am help ac am ei fod yn colli'i annibyniaeth. Mae unigolion â dementia yn profi teimladau o ddryswch a all wneud iddynt deimlo'n ddig ac yn ofidus gyda'u hunain a'r bobl o'u cwmpas.
O ganlyniad i hyn, gallant golli hunan-barch, hyder, annibyniaeth a chysylltiadau cymdeithasol. Gallai hyn eu hatal rhag cymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau neu hobïau a gallai effeithio ar eu gallu i yrru hefyd. Gall unigolion ddod yn ddibynnol ar eraill er mwyn gallu mynd allan ac efallai bydd ganddynt lai o gyfleoedd i fynd i'w cymuned leol a theithio ymhellach. Wrth i'r clefyd ddatblygu, efallai y byddant yn dibynnu ar ofalwyr neu'n symud i ofal preswyl.
Gwyliwch y fideo: A Walk Through Dementia - at home
Rhagor o adnoddau gan Ymchwil Alzheimer's sy'n dangos profiad unigolion â dementia o weithgareddau o ddydd i ddydd.
Dementia is a neurological disorder in which the individual experiences a series of losses. It has an emotional, social and psychological impact on the individual. It causes confusion which can make individuals upset and angry. It changes the relationships that individuals have with family and friends and many are frustrated at having to ask for help and losing their independence. One of the hardest things for many individuals is having to give up driving. As individuals become more dependent on others to go out they can become increasingly isolated.
Dementia is a neurological disorder in which the individual experiences a series of losses. It has an emotional, social and psychological impact on the individual. It causes confusion which can make individuals upset and angry. It changes the relationships that individuals have with family and friends and many are frustrated at having to ask for help and losing their independence. One of the hardest things for many individuals is having to give up driving. As individuals become more dependent on others to go out they can become increasingly isolated.
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You scored … out of . Move some of the terms around to try to improve your score.
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Anhwylder niwrolegol yw dementia sy'n golygu bod yr unigolyn yn profi cyfres o golledion. Mae'n cael effaith emosiynol, gymdeithasol a seicolegol ar yr unigolyn. Mae'n achosi dryswch sy'n gallu gwneud i unigolion deimlo'n ddig ac yn ofidus. Mae'n newid cydberthnasau unigolion â'u teulu a'u ffrindiau ac mae llawer yn teimlo'n rhwystredig am fod yn rhaid iddynt ofyn am help ac am eu bod yn colli eu hannibyniaeth. Un o'r pethau anoddaf i lawer o bobl yw gorfod rhoi'r gorau i yrru. Wrth i unigolion ddod yn fwy dibynnol ar bobl eraill i fynd allan, gallant fynd yn fwy ynysig.
Anhwylder niwrolegol yw dementia sy'n golygu bod yr unigolyn yn profi cyfres o golledion. Mae'n cael effaith emosiynol, gymdeithasol a seicolegol ar yr unigolyn. Mae'n achosi dryswch sy'n gallu gwneud i unigolion deimlo'n ddig ac yn ofidus. Mae'n newid cydberthnasau unigolion â'u teulu a'u ffrindiau ac mae llawer yn teimlo'n rhwystredig am fod yn rhaid iddynt ofyn am help ac am eu bod yn colli eu hannibyniaeth. Un o'r pethau anoddaf i lawer o bobl yw gorfod rhoi'r gorau i yrru. Wrth i unigolion ddod yn fwy dibynnol ar bobl eraill i fynd allan, gallant fynd yn fwy ynysig.
Mae gennych … allan o yn gywir. Symudwch rhai o'r termau o gwmpas i geisio gwella eich sgôr.
Da iawn. Mae gennych … allan o yn gywir.
Mae gennych … allan o yn gywir. Symudwch rhai o'r termau o gwmpas i geisio gwella eich sgôr
Da iawn. Mae gennych … allan o yn gywir.
Recent government policy has prioritised ‘living well’ for individuals with dementia.
‘Living well with dementia’ supports independence and quality of life for individuals. It supports the importance of remembering that individuals can still live happy and fulfilled lives, make choices and have their wishes respected. It is important to focus on what an individual can do and enable them to remain as independent and active as possible.
The NHS gives guidance on ‘living well with dementia’ that includes staying socially active, telling others about dementia, looking after their health, tips to cope and who to ask for support.
NHS Living Well with Dementia (https://bit.ly/2VV2Viu)
Dementia Roadmap Wales stresses the importance of independence to living well with dementia and gives practical advice e.g. on driving, employment, hospital, housing, staying healthy and planning for the future.
Dementia Roadmap Wales (https://bit.ly/2HaJIkT)
Other useful information can be found:
Alzheimer’s Society ‘Living Well with Dementia’ (https://bit.ly/2WwhjdX)
1000 Lives is working with the NHS to improve the quality of life for those with dementia (https://bit.ly/1qBfSUn)
Mae polisïau diweddar y llywodraeth wedi rhoi blaenoriaeth i sicrhau bod pobl â dementia yn 'byw'n dda'.
Mae 'byw'n dda gyda dementia' yn cefnogi annibyniaeth ac ansawdd bywyd i unigolion â dementia. Mae'n pwysleisio pwysigrwydd cofio y gall unigolion barhau i fyw bywydau hapus a chyflawn a gwneud dewisiadau ac y dylid parchu eu dymuniadau. Mae'n bwysig canolbwyntio ar yr hyn y gall unigolyn ei wneud a'i alluogi i barhau i fod mor annibynnol ac mor egnïol â phosibl.
Mae'r GIG yn rhoi canllawiau ar 'fyw'n dda gyda dementia' sy'n cynnwys parhau i fod yn weithgar yn gymdeithasol, dweud wrth bobl eraill am ddementia, gofalu am eu hiechyd, cynghorion ar sut i ymdopi ac i bwy y dylid gofyn am gymorth.
Y GIG Byw'n Dda gyda Dementia (https://bit.ly/2VV2Viu)
Mae Trywydd Dementia Cymru yn pwysleisio pwysigrwydd annibyniaeth i alluogi pobl i fyw'n dda gyda dementia ac mae'n rhoi cyngor ymarferol e.e. ar yrru, cyflogaeth, ysbytai, tai, cadw'n iach a chynllunio i'r dyfodol.
Trywydd Dementia Cymru (https://bit.ly/2HaJIkT)
Gellir darganfod mwy o wybodaeth defnyddiol:
Y Gymdeithas Alzheimer's ‘Byw yn dda gyda dementia ar ôl diagnosis’ (https://bit.ly/2WpmVdc)
Mae 1000 o Fywydau yn gweithio gyda'r GIG i wella ansawdd bywyd pobl â dementia.
Person centred approaches place the individual at the centre of planning and decision making about provision. It respects the views and beliefs of individuals and ensures that the individual remains the focus and not the illness.
Person centred care plans are tailored to meet the needs of individuals. Where possible, the individual, carers and family should be involved in planning. The knowledge of family and carers is important to make sure a plan meets the needs of an individual. It includes aspects of an individual’s preferences such as food, clothes and makeup, daily activities and communication preferences.
Person centred planning ensures that individuals with dementia can continue to do things that they enjoy. This helps reduce frustration, behavioural problems, aggression and depression.
The Alzheimer’s Society identify five key points of person centred care for those with dementia:
Mae dulliau gweithredu person ganolog yn rhoi'r unigolyn wrth wraidd unrhyw gynlluniau a phenderfyniadau sy'n cael eu gwneud am ddarpariaeth. Mae'n parchu barn a chredoau unigolion ac yn sicrhau bod y ffocws yn cael ei roi ar yr unigolyn ac nid y salwch.
Mae cynlluniau gofal person ganolog yn cael eu teilwra i ddiwallu anghenion unigolion. Lle bo hynny'n bosibl, dylai'r unigolyn, ei ofalwyr a'i deulu gael eu cynnwys yn y gwaith cynllunio. Mae gwybodaeth y teulu a gofalwyr yn bwysig er mwyn sicrhau bod cynllun yn cwrdd ag anghenion yr unigolyn. Mae'n cynnwys agweddau ar ddewisiadau unigolyn fel bwyd, dillad a cholur, gweithgareddau dyddiol a dulliau cyfathrebu dewisol.
Mae gwaith cynllunio person ganolog yn sicrhau y gall unigolion â dementia barhau i wneud y pethau y maent yn eu mwynhau. Mae hyn yn helpu i leihau rhwystredigaeth, problemau ymddygiad, dicter ac iselder.
Yn ôl y Gymdeithas Alzheimer's, mae pum pwynt allweddol i'w cofio mewn perthynas â gofal person ganolog i bobl â dementia:
Consider The Alzheimer’s Society’s five key points of person centred care for those with dementia:
In the table below give an example of how you can implement these in the workplace.
Ystyriwch y pum pwynt allweddol i'w cofio mewn perthynas â gofal person ganolog i bobl â dementia, yn ôl y Gymdeithas Alzheimer's:
Yn y tabl isod, rhowch enghraifft o sut y gallwch roi'r pwyntiau hyn ar waith yn y gweithle.
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Treating the person with dignity and respect. |
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Understanding the person’s history, lifestyle, culture and preferences, including their likes, dislikes, hobbies and interests. |
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Looking at situations from the point of view of the person with dementia. |
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Providing opportunities for the person to have conversations and relationships with other people. |
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Ensuring the person has the chance to try new things or take part in activities they enjoy. |
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Suggested response:
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Pwynt allweddol | Sut y gallwch ei roi ar waith |
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Trin y person ag urddas a pharch. |
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Ymateb awgrymedig
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Deall hanes, ffordd o fyw, diwylliant a dewisiadau'r unigolyn, gan gynnwys yr hyn y mae'n ei hoffi, yr hyn nad yw'n ei hoffi, hobïau a diddordebau. |
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Ymateb awgrymedig
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Edrych ar sefyllfaoedd o safbwynt y person â dementia. |
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Ymateb awgrymedig
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Rhoi cyfleoedd i'r unigolyn gael sgyrsiau a chydberthnasau â phobl eraill. |
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Ymateb awgrymedig
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Sicrhau bod y person yn cael y cyfle i roi cynnig ar bethau newydd neu gymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau y mae'n eu mwynhau. |
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Ymateb awgrymedig
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Dementia affects an individual’s communication in different ways. In the early stages of dementia, some will be able to communicate effectively whereas others will have little verbal communication. Individuals may become frustrated when they cannot convey what they want or mean.
Some factors to consider when communicating with an individual living with dementia include:
Mae dementia yn effeithio ar allu unigolyn i gyfathrebu mewn ffyrdd gwahanol. Yn ystod camau cynnar dementia, bydd rhai yn gallu cyfathrebu'n effeithiol ond ychydig iawn o sgiliau cyfathrebu geiriol fydd gan eraill. Gall unigolion fynd yn rhwystredig pan na allant fynegi'r hyn y maent ei eisiau neu'r hyn y maent yn ei olygu.
Mae'r ffactorau i'w hystyried wrth gyfathrebu ag unigolyn sy'n byw gyda dementia yn cynnwys:
While many family members wish to care for those with dementia, there can be a significant impact on their lives:
There are positive aspects too, with carers enjoying time with the individual with dementia and comforted by the knowledge that they are caring for them and doing their best for them.
Er bod llawer o aelodau teulu yn dymuno gofalu am bobl â dementia, gall hyn gael effaith fawr ar eu bywydau:
Mae agweddau cadarnhaol hefyd, gyda gofalwyr yn mwynhau amser gyda'r unigolyn â dementia ac yn cael cysur o wybod eu bod yn gofalu amdano ac yn gwneud eu gorau iddo.
There are a number of ways in which carers can be supported in their role:
Mae sawl ffordd o helpu gofalwyr i gyflawni eu rôl:
A dementia friendly community is a city, town or village where individuals with dementia are understood, respected and supported. In a dementia friendly community, individuals will be aware of and understand dementia, so that individuals with dementia can continue to live in the way they want to and in the community they choose. (https://bit.ly/2ED9yx5)
Through provision of dementia friendly communities, the concept of ‘living well with dementia’ is supported with individuals remaining part of their community and maintaining their independence, mixing with others and maintaining confidence. It prevents them from becoming isolated and withdrawn and makes individuals more confident in leaving their homes. Within a dementia friendly community, individuals are supported with aspects of daily life such as shopping, banking, use of technology, using transport and travelling on holiday. Dementia friendly communities support the well-being of individuals, enabling them to live within their own homes for longer. The communities also support carers as they can be less anxious about individuals leaving the home to carry out daily tasks.
Cymuned sy'n ystyriol o ddementia yw dinas, tref neu bentref lle caiff unigolion â dementia eu deall, eu parchu a'u cefnogi. Mewn cymuned sy'n ystyriol o ddementia, bydd unigolion yn ymwybodol o ddementia ac yn ei ddeall, fel y gall unigolion â dementia barhau i fyw fel yr hoffent ac yn y gymuned o'u dewis. (https://bit.ly/2ED9yx5)
Mae cymunedau sy'n ystyriol o ddementia yn cefnogi'r cysyniad o 'fyw'n dda gyda dementia' gydag unigolion yn aros yn rhan o'u cymuned ac yn cadw eu hannibyniaeth, gan gymysgu ag eraill a chynnal eu hyder. Mae'n eu hatal rhag encilio a chael eu hynysu ac mae'n gwneud i unigolion deimlo'n fwy hyderus i adael eu cartrefi. Mewn cymuned sy'n ystyriol o ddementia, mae unigolion yn cael cymorth gydag agweddau ar fywyd bob dydd fel siopa, bancio, defnyddio technoleg, defnyddio trafnidiaeth a theithio ar wyliau. Mae cymunedau sy'n ystyriol o ddementia yn cefnogi llesiant unigolion, gan eu galluogi i fyw yn eu cartrefi eu hunain am fwy o amser. Mae'r cymunedau hefyd yn cefnogi gofalwyr oherwydd ni fydd angen iddynt boeni cymaint am unigolion yn gadael y cartref i gyflawni tasgau bob dydd.
A number of sources of support are available for those with dementia:
Care needs assessment. The local authority has a duty to assess the care needs of an individual with dementia. This determines an individual’s care needs and whether the local authority will support them.
A personal plan will be created based on assessment and will set out how care for the individual will be provided. It includes:
Personal plan will provide:
Other sources of support include:
Mae nifer o ffynonellau cymorth ar gael i'r rhai â dementia:
Asesiad o anghenion gofal. Mae dyletswydd ar yr awdurdod lleol i asesu anghenion gofal unigolyn â dementia. Mae'r asesiad hwn yn pennu anghenion gofal unigolyn a ph'un a fydd yr awdurdod lleol yn ei gynorthwyo.
Bydd cynllun personol yn cael ei greu ar sail yr asesiad a bydd yn nodi sut y bydd gofal yn cael ei ddarparu i'r unigolyn. Mae’n cynnwys:
Bydd cynllun personol yn darparu'r canlynol:
Mae ffynonellau cymorth eraill yn cynnwys:
Read the scenarios and explain the impact this may have on the individual and the carers and then identify support available.
Darllenwch y senarios ac eglurwch yr effaith y gallai hyn ei chael ar yr unigolyn a'r gofalwyr ac yna nodwch y cymorth sydd ar gael.
QuestionCwestiwn | Your ResponseEich Ymateb | Suggested ResponseYmateb Awgrymedig |
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