Introduction

Cyflwyniad

Brain

‘There is no health without mental health’ (World Health Organisation). The well-being of individuals is dependent upon good physical and mental health.

Mental health impacts on the overall well-being of an individual and refers to emotional health and well-being.

Mental health problems range from daily worries and anxieties to serious depression and suicidal thoughts. Many individuals have mental health problems and worries from time to time.

A mental health problem becomes a disorder or an example of mental ill-health when it has ongoing signs and symptoms which cause considerable distress and affects day-to-day functioning. It affects the way that individuals feel, behave and interact with others. Some periods of mental ill-health may be temporary while others cause persistent and long-term difficulties.

Examples of conditions that indicate mental ill-health are:

  • depression
  • anxiety disorders
  • schizophrenia
  • eating disorders
  • addictive behaviours
  • bipolar disorder (sometimes called manic depression).

A mental illness can cause problems at home, school, work and in relationships. Mental illnesses often come in episodes with periods of good mental health in-between.

Good mental health gives resilience to cope with difficulties, good relationships with others, a sense of control and ability to make decisions supporting well-being. Some physical conditions such as long-term illness and disability impact on mental health.

Mental ill-health can impact on physical health. Depression has been found to impact on coronary disease. The impact of mental health difficulties can be as great as physical health difficulties and has a significant impact on self-esteem, confidence and well-being.

Yn ôl Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd, nid oes iechyd heb iechyd meddwl. Mae llesiant unigolion yn dibynnu ar iechyd corfforol ac iechyd meddwl da.

Mae iechyd meddwl yn effeithio ar lesiant cyffredinol unigolyn ac mae'n cynnwys iechyd a llesiant emosiynol.

Gall problemau iechyd meddwl amrywio o bryderon beunyddiol i iselder difrifol a meddwl am hunanladdiad. Bydd gan lawer o unigolion broblemau iechyd meddwl a phryderon o bryd i'w gilydd.

Bydd problem iechyd meddwl yn mynd yn anhwylder neu'n enghraifft o salwch meddwl pan fydd yn cynnwys arwyddion a symptomau sy'n achosi gofid sylweddol ac yn effeithio ar weithrediad o ddydd i ddydd. Mae'n effeithio ar y ffordd mae unigolion yn teimlo, yn ymddwyn ac yn rhyngweithio ag eraill. Gall rhai cyfnodau o salwch meddwl fod dros dro, tra gall eraill achosi anawsterau parhaus a hirdymor.

Ymhlith yr enghreifftiau o gyflyrau sy'n arwydd o salwch meddwl mae:

  • iselder
  • anhwylderau gorbryder
  • sgitsoffrenia
  • anhwylderau bwyta
  • ymddygiadau caethiwus
  • anhwylder deubegwn (a elwir weithiau'n iselder manig).

Gall salwch meddwl achosi problemau gartref, yn yr ysgol, yn y gwaith ac mewn cydberthnasau. Bydd salwch meddwl yn aml yn ymddangos mewn pyliau gyda chyfnodau o iechyd meddwl da rhyngddynt.

Mae iechyd meddwl da yn rhoi gwydnwch i ymdopi ag anawsterau, cydberthnasau da ag eraill, ymdeimlad o reolaeth a'r gallu i wneud penderfyniadau sy'n cefnogi llesiant. Mae rhai cyflyrau corfforol fel salwch hirdymor ac anabledd yn effeithio ar iechyd meddwl.

Gall salwch meddwl effeithio ar iechyd corfforol. Gwelir bod iselder yn effeithio ar glefyd coronaidd y galon. Gall effaith problemau iechyd meddwl fod mor fawr â phroblemau iechyd corfforol ac mae'n cael effaith sylweddol ar hunan-barch, hyder a llesiant.

Factors that can contribute or lead to mental ill-health

Ffactorau a all gyfrannu neu arwain at salwch meddwl

Headache

A number of factors can contribute or lead to mental ill-health:

  • low self-esteem
  • lack of confidence
  • genetics - many mental illnesses run in families
  • abuse including neglect
  • family break up
  • dysfunctional family life/structure
  • life changes e.g. separation, divorce, unwanted career change
  • bereavement
  • physical illness or injury
  • brain injury/head injury/epilepsy
  • poor nutrition
  • poor social skills and ability to relate to others
  • experiencing discrimination
  • poverty/debt
  • long-term stress
  • unemployment
  • poor housing/homelessness
  • drug and alcohol abuse
  • caring responsibilities
  • domestic violence
  • bullying
  • trauma e.g. accident, military combat.

Gall nifer o ffactorau gyfrannu neu arwain at salwch meddwl:

  • hunan-barch isel
  • diffyg hyder
  • geneteg – mae sawl salwch meddwl yn rhedeg yn y teulu
  • cam-drin, gan gynnwys esgeulustod
  • teulu yn chwalu
  • bywyd/strwythur teuluol camweithredol
  • newidiadau mewn bywyd, e.e. gwahanu, ysgariad, newid digroeso mewn gyrfa
  • profedigaeth
  • salwch neu anaf corfforol
  • anaf i'r ymennydd/anaf i'r pen/epilepsi
  • maethiad gwael
  • sgiliau cymdeithasol gwael ac anallu i uniaethu ag eraill
  • profi gwahaniaethu
  • tlodi/dyled
  • straen hirdymor
  • diweithdra
  • tai gwael/digartrefedd
  • camddefnyddio cyffuriau ac alcohol
  • cyfrifoldebau gofalu
  • trais domestig
  • bwlio
  • trawma, e.e. damwain, bod yn y fyddin.

Potential indicators and signs of mental illness

Dangosyddion posibl ac arwyddion salwch meddwl

Upset woman

There are many forms of mental ill-health, but what each has in common is that they all affect an individual’s personality, thought processes and interactions with others.

Potential indicators of mental illness include:

  • change in behaviour
  • change in sleeping habits
  • change in eating habits
  • unkempt appearance
  • drug or alcohol abuse
  • expressions of sadness or suicidal thoughts
  • lethargy/low energy
  • unable to concentrate
  • appearing confused
  • becoming isolated and withdrawing from friends, family and activities
  • unable to deal with daily problems and stresses
  • change in sex drive
  • excessive anger/violence
  • emotional outbursts
  • expressing feelings of guilt or worthlessness
  • self-harming behaviours.

Mae sawl math o salwch meddwl, ond yr hyn sydd gan bob un yn gyffredin yw bod pob un ohonynt yn effeithio ar bersonoliaeth unigolyn, ei brosesau meddwl a'r ffordd mae'n rhyngweithio ag eraill.

Ymhlith dangosyddion posibl salwch meddwl mae:

  • newid mewn ymddygiad
  • newid mewn arferion cysgu
  • newid mewn arferion bwyta
  • ymddangos yn flêr
  • camddefnyddio cyffuriau neu alcohol
  • mynegi tristwch neu deimladau o feddwl am hunanladdiad
  • syrthni/diffyg egni
  • methu â chanolbwyntio
  • ymddangos yn ddryslyd
  • mynd yn ynysig a chilio rhag ffrindiau, teulu a gweithgareddau
  • methu ag ymdopi â phroblemau a straen beunyddiol
  • newid mewn ysfa rywiol
  • dicter/trais gormodol
  • ffrwydriadau emosiynol
  • mynegi teimladau o euogrwydd neu ddiffyg hunan-werth
  • ymddygiad hunan-niweidiol.

Potential indicators and signs of mental illness

Which of these are potential indicators of mental ill health? Drag the indicators to the correct columns

Dangosyddion posibl ac arwyddion salwch meddwl

Pa un o'r rhain sy'n ddangosyddion posibl salwch meddwl? Llusgwch y dangosyddion i'w colofnau cywir



      Ways in which individuals can be supported to live well with mental ill-health

      Ffyrdd o helpu unigolion i fyw'n dda gyda salwch meddwl

      Councilling

      Individuals can be supported to live well with mental ill-health by encouraging them to access services and support and develop positive and healthy life-styles. However, there is no one size fits all when supporting an individual with a mental illness. What may work well for some, may make others feel worse.

      It is important to talk to the individual and find out what will help them.

      Some examples of the help they could need include:

      • encouraging talking to family and friends
      • regular health checks
      • spotting early warning signs of periods of mental ill-health
      • being in control of medication and making decisions about medication
      • looking after well-being
      • learning to recognise triggers for periods of mental ill-health
      • local support groups
      • accessing counselling services
      • therapies e.g. art therapy
      • exercise
      • mindfulness
      • regular sleep patterns
      • healthy diet
      • drug and alcohol support
      • encouraging learning and new skills to give confidence and boost self-esteem
      • helplines e.g. Samaritans.

      Gellir helpu unigolion i fyw'n dda gyda salwch meddwl drwy eu hannog i gael gafael ar wasanaethau a chymorth a datblygu ffyrdd cadarnhaol ac iach o fyw. Fodd bynnag, nid oes un ateb sy'n addas i bawb wrth helpu unigolyn â salwch meddwl. Efallai y bydd yr hyn sy'n gweithio'n dda i rai pobl yn gwneud i bobl eraill deimlo'n waeth.

      Mae'n bwysig siarad â'r unigolyn i gael gwybod beth fydd yn ei helpu.

      Ymhlith yr enghreifftiau o'r cymorth y gallai fod ei angen arno mae:

      • annog siarad â theulu a ffrindiau
      • archwiliadau iechyd rheolaidd
      • adnabod arwyddion cynnar o gyfnodau o salwch meddwl
      • bod â rheolaeth dros feddyginiaeth a gwneud penderfyniadau ynglŷn â meddyginiaeth
      • gofalu am ei lesiant
      • dysgu sut i adnabod sbardunau cyfnodau o salwch meddwl
      • grwpiau cymorth lleol
      • defnyddio gwasanaethau cwnsela
      • therapïau, e.e. therapi celf
      • ymarfer corff
      • ymwybyddiaeth ofalgar
      • patrymau cysgu rheolaidd
      • deiet iach
      • cymorth o ran cyffuriau ac alcohol
      • annog dysgu sgiliau newydd er mwyn rhoi hwb i'w hyder a'i hunan-barch
      • llinellau cymorth, e.e. Samaritans.

      Positive outcomes associated with improved mental health and well-being

      Canlyniadau cadarnhaol sy'n gysylltiedig ag iechyd meddwl a llesiant gwell

      Relax

      Improved mental health and well-being brings positive outcomes for individuals:

      • resilience to cope with difficulties
      • increased employment
      • less days off sick from workplace
      • improved physical health
      • less risk to health problems such as cardiovascular disease
      • good relationships with others
      • ability to think clearly and make decisions
      • sense of confidence and control
      • able to take on new challenges
      • increase in productivity e.g. at work
      • reduced drug, alcohol, smoking dependence brings health benefits
      • improved sleep patterns.

      Mae gwella iechyd meddwl a llesiant yn arwain at ganlyniadau cadarnhaol i unigolion:

      • gwydnwch i ymdopi ag anawsterau
      • mwy o gyflogaeth
      • llai o ddiwrnodau i ffwrdd o'r gwaith yn sâl
      • gwell iechyd corfforol
      • llai o risg o broblemau iechyd fel clefyd cardiofasgwlar
      • cydberthnasau da ag eraill
      • y gallu i feddwl yn glir a gwneud penderfyniadau
      • ymdeimlad o hyder a rheolaeth
      • y gallu i wynebu heriau newydd
      • mwy o gynhyrchedd, e.e. yn y gwaith
      • llai o ddibyniaeth ar gyffuriau, alcohol ac ysmygu, gan arwain at fuddiannau iechyd
      • patrymau cysgu gwell.

      Positive outcomes associated with improved mental health and well-being

      Canlyniadau cadarnhaol sy'n gysylltiedig ag iechyd meddwl a llesiant gwell

      Karen has been experiencing mental health issues and has been seeking help from counselling services. What would be the signs that there are improvements in her mental health? Drag the signs to the correct columns.

      Mae Karen wedi bod yn wynebu problemau iechyd meddwl ac mae wedi bod yn ceisio cymorth gan wasanaethau cwnsela. Beth fyddai'r arwyddion bod ei hiechyd meddwl yn gwella? Llusgwch yr arwyddion i'r colofnau cywir.



          Support available to help individuals with mental ill-health

          Y cymorth sydd ar gael i helpu unigolion â salwch meddwl

          Councilling

          There are a number of charities and organisations that offer advice and support to individuals suffering from mental ill health and the families that care for them.

          Charities and organisations:

          MIND Cymru (https://bit.ly/2Vbt34f)

          Mental Health Foundation (https://bit.ly/2pZaHaP)

          1000 lives (https://bit.ly/2V83y3S)

          Mental Health Foundation (https://bit.ly/2VnM88m)

          Mental Health Wales (https://bit.ly/307cVEG)

          Time to Change Wales (https://bit.ly/2vMNavp)

          Hafal (https://bit.ly/1vLrXMu)

          Helplines (https://bit.ly/2V7EES1)

          Mae nifer o elusennau a sefydliadau yn cynnig cyngor a chymorth i unigolion sy'n dioddef o salwch meddwl a'r teuluoedd sy'n gofalu amdanynt.

          Elusennau a sefydliadau:

          MIND Cymru (https://bit.ly/2JDBH9x)

          Sefydliad Iechyd Meddwl Cymru (https://bit.ly/2pZaHaP)

          1000 o fywydau (https://bit.ly/2EooDRU)

          Sefydliad Iechyd Meddwl (https://bit.ly/2VnM88m)

          Iechyd Meddwl Cymru (https://bit.ly/2WXME9F)

          Amser i Newid Cymru (https://bit.ly/2JUmSzw)

          Hafal (https://bit.ly/1vLrXMu)

          Llinellau cymorth (https://bit.ly/2V7EES1)