Just as individuals inherit characteristics such as eye colour from their parents, some medical conditions can be passed onto a child from their parent/parents. These are referred to as genetic or inherited disorders.
A genetic disorder arises from the presence of an abnormal gene in an individual’s genetic makeup. This may be inherited from one or both parents but this may not always be the case (for example, Down’s Syndrome).
They may also inherit defective genes that give rise to ill health. These include:
Children with a genetic disorder may miss school due to infections or hospitalisation and this will affect their intellectual development.
Missed opportunities to develop friendships may affect social and emotional development. Where genetic conditions cause digestive problems physical development may also be affected.
Fel mae unigolion yn etifeddu nodweddion fel lliw'r llygaid oddi wrth eu rhieni, gall rhai cyflyrau meddygol gael eu trosglwyddo o'r rhiant/rhieni i'r plentyn. Cyfeirir at y rhain fel anhwylderau genetig neu etifeddol.
Mae anhwylder genetig yn deillio o bresenoldeb genyn annormal yng nghyfansoddiad genetig unigolyn. Gall gael ei etifeddu oddi wrth un rhiant neu'r ddau riant ond efallai na fydd hyn yn wir bob amser (er enghraifft, Syndrom Down).
Gallant hefyd etifeddu genynnau diffygiol sy'n arwain at salwch. Yn eu plith, mae:
Efallai y bydd plant ag anhwylder genetig yn colli'r ysgol oherwydd heintiau neu gyfnod yn yr ysbyty, a fydd yn effeithio ar eu datblygiad deallusol.
Gall cyfleoedd a fethir i wneud ffrindiau effeithio ar ddatblygiad cymdeithasol ac emosiynol. Lle mae cyflyrau genetig yn achosi problemau treulio gellir gweld effaith ar ddatblygiad corfforol hefyd.
Drag the illness to the correct description
Llusgwch y salwch at y disgrifiad cywir
Warning! This resource is not optimised for use on mobile devices.
Rhybudd! Ni ellir defnyddio’r adnodd yma ar ffonau symudol neu dabled.
Well done. You have matched them all correctly.
Da iawn. Rydych wedi paru pob un yn gywir.
Illness Salwch |
Description Disgrifiad |
Correct answers Atebion cywir |
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Individuals may be born with a disability or may acquire a disability at any stage of life due to an accident, disease or degeneration of the body due to age
Gall unigolyn gael ei eni ag anabledd neu gall gael anabledd ar unrhyw adeg mewn bywyd oherwydd damwain, clefyd neu am fod y corff yn dirywio oherwydd oedran
A sensory disability is a disability of the senses (i.e. sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste). There are a number of conditions that would be classed as sensory disabilities including:
Anabledd sy'n effeithio ar y synhwyrau (h.y. golwg, clyw, arogl, cyffyrddiad, blas) yw anabledd synhwyraidd. Mae nifer o gyflyrau a fyddai'n cael eu dosbarthu'n anableddau synhwyraidd gan gynnwys:
Individuals may be born with a disability or may acquire a disability at any stage of life due to an accident, disease or degeneration of the body due to age
Gall unigolyn gael ei eni ag anabledd neu gall gael anabledd ar unrhyw adeg mewn bywyd oherwydd damwain, clefyd neu am fod y corff yn dirywio oherwydd oedran
A physical disability is any disability that limits an individual's physical or mobility capacity. It can be caused by disease or accident, but some conditions can be genetic. These include:
Anabledd corfforol yw unrhyw anabledd sy'n cyfyngu ar allu corfforol neu symudedd unigolyn. Gall gael ei achosi gan glefyd neu ddamwain, ond gall rhai cyflyrau fod yn enetig. Yn eu plith, mae:
Individuals may be born with a disability or may acquire a disability at any stage of life due to an accident, disease or degeneration of the body due to age
Gall unigolyn gael ei eni ag anabledd neu gall gael anabledd ar unrhyw adeg mewn bywyd oherwydd damwain, clefyd neu am fod y corff yn dirywio oherwydd oedran
A learning disability affects how an individual learns new things throughout their lifetime. These disabilities can be mild, moderate or profound (severe). Conditions can include:
Mae anabledd dysgu yn effeithio ar y ffordd mae unigolyn yn dysgu pethau newydd drwy gydol ei oes. Gall yr anableddau hyn fod yn ysgafn, yn gymedrol neu'n ddifrifol. Gall y cyflyrau gynnwys:
Beware! Some conditions can cause more than one disability
Byddwch yn ofalus! Gall rhai cyflyrau achosi mwy nag un anabledd
A good diet has a variety of benefits, including:
The body uses water in all its cells, organs and tissues. We lose water through breathing, sweating and digestion.
Rehydration replaces the water we lose and has the following important benefits:
Studies have found that breastfeeding for the first six months of life, gives a baby the best start in life.
The health and developmental benefits for babies include:
Breastfeeding also has a number of benefits for the mother:
It is recommended that babies who are only given breastmilk in the first 6 months of life should also be given a daily supplement of vitamin D.
In the first six months of life, babies will only need breast milk or formula. After this, foods should be introduced gradually to prevent the risk of allergies.
Foods that need to be introduced one at a time include:
Mae gan ddeiet da amrywiaeth o fuddiannau, gan gynnwys:
Mae'r corff yn defnyddio dŵr yn ei holl gelloedd, organau a meinweoedd. Rydym yn colli dŵr drwy anadlu, chwysu a threulio.
Mae ailhydradu yn cymryd lle'r dŵr a gollir ac mae ganddo'r buddiannau pwysig canlynol:
Mae astudiaethau wedi dangos mai bwydo ar y fron am y chwe mis cyntaf mewn bywyd sy'n rhoi'r dechrau gorau mewn bywyd i'r baban.
Ymhlith y buddiannau iechyd a datblygiadol i fabanod mae:
Mae i fwydo ar y fron nifer o fuddiannau i'r fam hefyd:
Argymhellir y dylai babanod sydd ond yn cael llaeth o'r fron yn ystod eu chwe mis cyntaf hefyd gael atchwanegiad fitamin D bob dydd.
Yn ystod chwe mis cyntaf bywyd, dim ond llaeth o'r fron neu fformiwla y bydd ei angen ar fabanod. Ar ôl hyn, dylai bwydydd gael eu cyflwyno'n raddol er mwyn atal y risg o alergeddau.
Ymhlith y bwydydd y mae angen eu cyflwyno un ar y tro mae:
Being physically active on a daily basis can affect health, development and well-being in a number of positive ways
Gall gweithgarwch corfforol dyddiol gael effaith gadarnhaol ar iechyd, datblygiad a llesiant mewn sawl ffordd
Babies, toddlers and nursery age children should be encouraged to move as much as possible through active play. This will have the following positive effects:
For children to stay healthy they need to ensure that they do three types of activities each week:
Exercise at this age will have the following positive benefits:
Dylai babanod, plant bach a phlant oedran meithrin gael eu hannog i symud cymaint â phosibl drwy chwarae gweithredol. Caiff hyn yr effeithiau cadarnhaol canlynol:
Er mwyn i blant aros yn iach mae angen iddynt sicrhau eu bod yn gwneud tri math o weithgaredd bob wythnos:
Bydd ymarfer corff yr oedran hwn yn sicrhau'r buddiannau cadarnhaol canlynol:
using the information on the previous screen and the fact files available in the resource pack; give recommendations on how to improve physical health
yna defnyddiwch y wybodaeth ar y sgrin flaenorol a'r ffeiliau ffeithiau sydd ar gael yn y pecyn adnoddau; argymhellwch ffyrdd o wella iechyd corfforol
Manon is due to give birth to her baby in the next few weeks. She doesn’t think that she wants to breastfeed her baby as she’s read that formula milk has all the same nutrients.
Mae disgwyl i Manon roi genedigaeth i'w baban yn yr ychydig wythnosau nesaf. Nid yw'n credu ei bod hi am fwydo'r baban ar y fron am ei bod wedi darllen bod llaeth fformiwla yn cynnwys yn union yr un maetholion.
Manon is free to choose whichever method of feeding suits her best. She should not be made to feel pressured into breastfeeding her baby if it isn’t right for her. However, there is no doubt that breast milk will always be best for the baby, particularly in the first few weeks when antibodies that will help fight infection are passed from mother to baby via the breast milk. If Manon does decide that she is going to breastfeed she needs to consider her lifestyle choices. As everything is passed to the baby in the breastmilk, Manon will need to abstain from alcohol and not smoke. She will also need to eat a diet rich in iron, vitamin, minerals and calcium. She will also need to ensure that she stays hydrated.
Mae croeso i Manon ddewis pa bynnag ddull o fwydo sy'n fwyaf addas iddi hi. Dylai hi ddim teimlo bod pwysau arni i fwydo ei babi ar y fron os nad yw hyn yn iawn iddi hi. Fodd bynnag, does dim dwywaith mai llaeth y fron sydd orau i'r babi bob amser, yn enwedig yn ystod yr wythnosau cyntaf pan mae gwrthgyrff sy'n helpu i ymladd heintiau yn cael eu trosglwyddo o'r fam i'r babi drwy laeth y fron. Os bydd Manon yn penderfynu ei bod am fwydo ar y fron mae angen iddi ystyried ei dewisiadau ffordd o fyw. Gan fod popeth yn cael ei drosglwyddo i'r babi yn llaeth y fron, bydd angen i Manon roi'r gorau i yfed alcohol a pheidio ag ysmygu. Hefyd, bydd angen iddi fwyta deiet sy'n cynnwys llawer o haearn, mwynau a chalsiwm. Hefyd, bydd angen iddi sicrhau ei bod hi’n yfed digon o ddŵr.
Mali is seven months old, is constantly being sick, and has diarrhoea. Her mother started weaning her onto solid foods about a month ago. She blends everything the family eats with milk or water and feeds it to Mali.
Mae Mali yn saith mis oed. Mae'n chwydu drwy'r amser ac mae ganddi ddolur rhydd. Dechreuodd ei mam roi bwydydd solet iddi ryw fis yn ôl. Mae'n cymysgu popeth mae'r teulu yn ei fwyta â llaeth neu ddŵr ac yn ei fwydo i Mali.
Mali’s mother should stop feeding her daughter pureed versions of the food the family eat. At seven months, foods should be introduced one at a time so that any intolerance can be identified. It may be that she has an intolerance to dairy, but as she is currently having a mix of many ingredients, there is no way to know for sure.
Dylai mam Mali roi'r gorau i fwydo ei merch â fersiynau wedi'u malu o'r bwyd mae'r teulu yn ei fwyta. Dylai bwydydd gael eu cyflwyno un ar y tro i fabanod saith mis oed er mwyn sylwi ar unrhyw anoddefedd. Mae'n bosibl bod ganddi anoddefedd cynnyrch llaeth, ond gan ei bod hi'n cael cymysgedd o gynhwysion ar hyn o bryd does dim ffordd o wybod i sicrwydd.
Play is essential to the development of babies, and children because it contributes to their cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being.
Play promotes brain development and learning in babies and young children.
It also decreases the risk of developing health conditions like Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity.
Most children will have the ability to run and walk but they will need to be given the opportunity to practice other skills such as hopping, jumping, throwing and catching. Outdoor play allows them the space to do this. These types of activities will have physical benefits including:
This can involve more creative and imaginative play such as painting, playing with jigsaws, and role-play. This type of play can have developmental benefits including:
Mae chwarae yn hanfodol i ddatblygiad babanod a phlant am ei fod yn cyfrannu at eu llesiant gwybyddol, corfforol, cymdeithasol ac emosiynol.
Mae chwarae yn hybu datblygiad yr ymennydd a dysgu mewn babanod a phlant bach.
Mae hefyd yn lleihau'r risg o ddatblygu cyflyrau iechyd fel clefyd cardiofasgwlaidd, diabetes a gordewdra.
Bydd y rhan fwyaf o blant yn gallu rhedeg a cherdded ond bydd angen iddynt gael y cyfle i ymarfer sgiliau eraill fel hopian, neidio, taflu a dal. Mae chwarae yn yr awyr agored yn eu galluogi i wneud hyn. Bydd gan y mathau hyn o weithgareddau fuddiannau corfforol gan gynnwys:
Gall hyn gynnwys chwarae mwy creadigol a dychmygol fel peintio, chwarae gyda jig-sos, a chwarae rôl. Gall fod gan y math hwn o chwarae fuddiannau datblygiadol gan gynnwys:
There are a number of illnesses that can affect a child’s growth and development. These include:
In some cases, growth can be affected either by the illness or by the medications used to treat the illness.
This may restrict development opportunities through being unable to partake in physical activities. Pain and frequent visits to the hospital may also affect mental health.
Minor illnesses such as tonsillitis, coughs and colds or diarrhoea cause absences from school that can influence a child’s intellectual and social development.
More serious illnesses such as meningitis and measles, although cured, may leave the individual with a long-term disability such as hearing or vision loss and in the case of meningitis, loss of limbs.
Mae nifer o fathau o salwch all effeithio ar allu plentyn i dyfu a datblygu. Yn eu plith, mae:
Mewn rhai achosion, gall y salwch neu'r meddyginiaethau a ddefnyddir i drin y salwch effeithio ar y gallu i dyfu.
Gall hyn gyfyngu ar gyfleoedd i ddatblygu am na ellir cymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau corfforol. Gall poen ac ymweliadau rheolaidd â'r ysbyty hefyd effeithio ar iechyd meddwl.
Mae mân anhwylderau fel tonsilitis, peswch ac annwyd, a dolur rhydd yn achosi absenoldeb o'r ysgol a all ddylanwadu ar ddatblygiad deallusol a chymdeithasol plentyn.
Gall anhwylderau mwy difrifol fel meningitis a'r frech goch, er iddynt wella, adael yr unigolyn gydag anabledd hirdymor, fel colli clyw neu olwg, ac yn achos meningitis colli coesau a breichiau.
Drag the factors into the correct columns
Llusgwch y ffactorau i’r colofnau cywir