Health and well-being (children and young people) Iechyd a llesiant (plant a phobl ifanc)
Factors that may affect children and young people – economic Ffactorau a all effeithio ar blant a phobl ifanc - economaidd

There is a direct link between the amount of money parents earn and how well their children do in school at an early age. It is claimed that children from lower income families do less well at school and have poorer health than the children from wealthier families have. This in turn can lead to less job opportunities and lower income when these children reach adulthood.

This may be because of factors such as a poor diet, a lack of access to goods and services that aid child development and reduced access to good play areas.

For adults, managing on a low income can be stressful and feeling at the bottom of the social ladder can have negative effects on self-esteem. Individuals on lower income are more likely to adopt unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking and drinking, whilst individuals on a high income are able to afford healthier lifestyles. This leads to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes.

Children whose parents are unemployed and rely solely on benefits can feel that their life chances are limited. They tend to do less well at school and can suffer with self-esteem problems and stress.

Mae cysylltiad uniongyrchol rhwng faint o arian mae rhieni yn ei ennill a pha mor dda mae eu plant yn ei wneud yn yr ysgol o oedran cynnar. Honnir nad yw plant o deuluoedd incwm isel yn gwneud cystal yn yr ysgol a bod eu hiechyd yn waeth na phlant o deuluoedd mwy cyfoethog. Gall hyn yn ei dro arwain at lai o gyfleoedd gwaith a llai o incwm pan fydd y plant hyn yn oedolion.

Gall hyn fod oherwydd ffactorau fel deiet gwael, diffyg mynediad i nwyddau a gwasanaethau sy'n helpu plant i ddatblygu a llai o fynediad i ardaloedd chwarae da.

I oedolion, gall ymdopi ar incwm isel beri straen a gall teimlo fel eich bod ar waelod yr ysgol gymdeithasol gael effaith negyddol ar hunan-barch. Mae pobl ar incwm is yn fwy tebygol o fabwysiadu ffyrdd o fyw afiach, fel ysmygu ac yfed, tra bod pobl ar incwm uchel yn gallu fforddio byw bywydau iachach. Mae hyn yn cynyddu'r risg o glefyd y galon, strôc, canser a diabetes.

Gall plant sydd â rhieni di-waith, sy'n dibynnu'n gyfan gwbl ar fudd-daliadau, deimlo mai prin yw eu cyfleoedd mewn bywyd. Nid ydynt yn dueddol o wneud cystal yn yr ysgol a gallant ddioddef problemau gyda hunan-barch a straen.

According to the Poverty and Social Exclusion organisation the following groups are vulnerable to poverty:

• single parents on benefits
• the young unemployed
• low-paid workers supporting a family
• adults who are disabled
• single pensioners.

Poverty can negatively affect health, development and wellbeing in the following ways:

Poverty in childhood

• babies born to mothers in poverty tend to weigh less than children born to mothers with money
• children are more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses such as asthma
• children are more likely to have diet-related problems such as malnutrition, obesity and tooth decay
• poor children are three times more likely to develop mental health problems compared to more affluent children
• it can stop parents from providing a supportive environment for their children to grow up in
• children born in poverty are more at risk of developing long term life-limiting illnesses as they grow older.

Yn ôl y Sefydliad Tlodi ac Allgáu Cymdeithasol mae'r grwpiau canlynol yn agored i dlodi:

• rhieni sengl ar fudd-daliadau
• pobl ifanc ddi-waith
• gweithwyr ar gyflogau isel sy'n cefnogi teulu
• oedolion anabl
• pensiynwyr sengl.

Gall tlodi gael effaith negyddol ar iechyd a lles, a datblygiad, yn y ffyrdd canlynol:

Tlodi mewn plentyndod

• mae babanod a enir i famau mewn tlodi yn dueddol o bwyso llai na phlant a enir i famau ag arian
• mae plant yn fwy tebygol o ddioddef salwch cronig fel asthma
• mae plant yn fwy tebygol o wynebu problemau sy'n gysylltiedig â deiet fel diffyg maeth, gordewdra a phydredd dannedd
• mae plant tlawd deirgwaith yn fwy tebygol o ddatblygu problemau iechyd meddwl o gymharu â phlant mwy cefnog
• gall atal rhieni rhag darparu amgylchedd cefnogol i'w plant dyfu i fyny ynddo
• mae plant sy'n cael eu geni mewn tlodi yn wynebu mwy o risg o ddatblygu salwch hirdymor sy'n cyfyngu ar fywyd wrth iddynt heneiddio.