Introduction

Cyflwyniad

family on the sofa

For parents, there are many pressures and concerns in the early years. They are anxious to support healthy physical development, healthy eating and a supportive environment.

CymruWellWales First 1000 days (https://bit.ly/2Q1rdlE)

‘While parents are often excited about the arrival of a new child they can still experience self-doubt, fears about not coping and have concerns about how well they will bond with their baby. Parents also reported doubting their parenting capabilities when their babies were ill or seemingly upset. This project found these feelings were particularly strong when participants discussed pregnancy and the early weeks following birth but that self-doubt became less of a concern for parents as their children reached one and two years of age.’

If a parent feels competent in their parenting role they are more likely to be sensitive to their child’s needs and engaged in their learning and development.

Bandura refers to self-efficacy - a belief in the ability to succeed in situations. If a parent has positive self-efficacy they are motivated towards good parenting, will put in effort and deal with situations. If they have low self-efficacy they will experience doubt, anxiety, avoid difficult tasks and view difficult situations as threats.

As part of Flying Start in Wales parents are offered parenting support, either one to one or in groups, based on these three themes:

  • perinatal and support in the early years
  • early intervention approaches to supporting vulnerable parents
  • programmes to support parents in positive parenting.

Families First provides families with help, advice and support.

It has been proven by psychologists and research that play is essential to support all aspects of children’s development (language, physical, cognitive, social). This play can be structured or unstructured. Play helps relieve stress and anxiety. Parents may need support to understand the benefits of play and how they can support it.

‘Playing is central to children’s physical, mental, social and emotional health and wellbeing. Through play, children develop resilience and flexibility, contributing to physical and emotional wellbeing. Playing is important to all children no matter what their impairments or behaviour.’

Playful Childhoods (https://www.playfulchildhoods.wales/) is a Play Wales campaign aiming to ensure:

  • support for parents in giving their children opportunities to play
  • parents feel confident about letting their children play outside in the community
  • playful communities are developed for children across Wales
  • a shared understanding of the importance of play for children and teenagers by all adults across Wales.

I rieni, ceir llawer o bwysau a phryderon yn y blynyddoedd cynnar. Maent yn awyddus i gefnogi datblygiad corfforol iach, bwyta'n iach ac amgylchedd cefnogol.

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‘Er y bydd rhieni'n aml yn llawn cyffro cyn cael plentyn newydd, gallant amau eu hunain o hyd, yn ogystal ag ofni na fyddant yn gallu ymdopi neu gael pryderon ynglŷn â pha mor dda y byddant yn bondio â'u babi. Mae rhieni hefyd wedi dweud eu bod wedi amau eu galluoedd magu plant eu hunain pan oedd eu babanod yn sâl neu'n gofidio. Gwelodd y prosiect hwn fod y teimladau hyn yn arbennig o gryf pan fyddai'r cyfranogwyr yn trafod beichiogrwydd a'r ychydig wythnosau cyntaf ar ôl genedigaeth, ond bod hunanamheuaeth yn dod yn llai o bryder i rieni wrth i'w plant gyrraedd 1 a 2 oed.’

Os bydd rhiant yn teimlo'n gymwys yn ei rôl, bydd yn fwy tebygol o fod yn sensitif i anghenion y plentyn ac ymgysylltu â'i ddysgu a'i ddatblygiad.

Cyfeiria Bandura at hunaneffeithiolrwydd – cred yn y gallu i lwyddo mewn sefyllfaoedd. Os oes gan riant hunaneffeithiolrwydd cadarnhaol, mae ganddo gymhelliant i fod yn rhiant da, i wneud ymdrech ac i ddelio â sefyllfaoedd. Os oes ganddo hunaneffeithiolrwydd isel, bydd yn teimlo amheuaeth a phryder, yn osgoi tasgau anodd ac yn gweld sefyllfaoedd anodd fel bygythiadau.

Fel rhan o Dechrau'n Deg yng Nghymru, cynigir cymorth rhianta i rieni, naill ai ar sail un i un neu mewn grwpiau, yn seiliedig ar y tair thema hyn:

  • gofal a chymorth amenedigol yn y blynyddoedd cynnar
  • dulliau ymyrraeth gynnar at gefnogi rhieni sy'n agored i niwed
  • rhaglenni i gefnogi rhieni o ran rhianta cadarnhaol.

Mae Teuluoedd yn Gyntaf yn rhoi cymorth, cyngor a chefnogaeth i deuluoedd.

Mae seicolegwyr a gwaith ymchwil wedi profi bod chwarae yn hanfodol er mwyn cefnogi pob agwedd ar ddatblygiad plant (ieithyddol, corfforol, gwybyddol, cymdeithasol). Gall y chwarae hwn fod yn strwythuredig neu'n ddistrwythur. Mae chwarae'n helpu i leddfu straen a phryder. Gall fod angen cymorth ar rieni i ddeall manteision chwarae a'r ffordd y gallant ei gefnogi.

‘Mae chwarae’n ganolog i iechyd a lles corfforol, meddyliol, cymdeithasol ac emosiynol plant. Trwy chwarae, bydd plant yn datblygu gwytnwch a hyblygrwydd fydd yn cyfrannu at les corfforol ac emosiynol. Mae chwarae yn bwysig i bob plentyn waeth beth fo’u namau neu ymddygiad.’

Ymgyrch gan Chwarae Cymru yw Plentyndod Chwareus (https://www.plentyndodchwareus.cymru/), a'i nod yw sicrhau:

  • cymorth i rieni o ran rhoi cyfleoedd i'w plant chwarae
  • bod rhieni'n teimlo'n hyderus ynglŷn â gadael i'w plant chwarae yn yr awyr agored yn y gymuned
  • y caiff cymunedau chwareus eu datblygu ar gyfer plant ledled Cymru
  • dealltwriaeth a rennir o bwysigrwydd chwarae i blant a phobl ifanc yn eu harddegau ymhlith yr holl oedolion ledled Cymru.

Drag the service or programme to its aims.

Llusgwch y gwasanaeth neu'r rhaglen at ei nodau.

Service

Gwasanaeth

Aims

Nodau

Correct answers

Atebion cywir