Health and well-being (children and young people) Iechyd a llesiant (plant a phobl ifanc)
Personal care Gofal personol

Personal care routines would include personal hygiene, bathing, cleaning teeth and menstruation.

Personal care routines for children are important as their young age means they are not able to carry out these routines for themselves e.g. young children will need support with toileting, toothbrushing, handwashing and dressing. Through these routines, they will gain more independence and learn skills required for day-to-day life and personal care. Personal care routines support good health and hygiene.

Communication during care routines with young children helps build communication skills and positive relationships. As children gain skills, they gain confidence and develop a positive self-esteem. Fine motor skills are developed during many routines, such as dressing.

Care routines help babies and toddlers adapt to a pattern of daily routines and become familiar with daily hygiene procedures. They help them deal better with transitions and new experiences as they are familiar with expected routines and procedures.

As children grow, they may have additional personal care routines e.g. routines during menstruation are important to support good hygiene, health and dignity.

Byddai arferion gofal personol yn cynnwys hylendid personol, ymolchi, brwsio dannedd a misglwyf.

Mae arferion gofal personol i blant yn bwysig am eu bod yn rhy ifanc i allu cyflawni'r arferion hyn eu hunain, e.e. bydd angen cymorth ar blant bach i fynd i'r toiled, brwsio dannedd, golchi dwylo a gwisgo. Drwy'r arferion hyn, byddant yn dod yn fwy annibynnol ac yn dysgu sgiliau sydd eu hangen ar gyfer bywyd pob dydd a gofal personol. Mae arferion gofal personol yn cefnogi iechyd a hylendid da.

Mae cyfathrebu a phlant bach yn ystod arferion gofal yn helpu i feithrin sgiliau cyfathrebu a pherthnasoedd cadarnhaol. Wrth i blant feithrin sgiliau, byddant yn magu hyder a hunan-barch cadarnhaol. Caiff sgiliau echddygol manwl eu meithrin yn ystod llawer o arferion, megis gwisgo.

Mae arferion gofal yn helpu babanod a phlant bach i addasu i batrwm o arferion dyddiol a dod yn gyfarwydd â gweithdrefnau hylendid dyddiol. Maent yn eu helpu i ymdopi'n well â chyfnodau o bontio a phrofiadau newydd am eu bod yn gyfarwydd ag arferion a gweithdrefnau disgwyliedig.

Wrth i blant dyfu, gall fod ganddynt arferion gofal personol ychwanegol, e.e. mae arferion yn ystod y misglwyf yn bwysig er mwyn cefnogi hylendid, iechyd ac urddas.

Personal care routines for children and young people include personal hygiene, bathing, cleaning teeth and menstruation. Personal care covers areas of physical and medical care that most people carry out for themselves but that some children and young people may needs assistance to do because of medical need or disability. Help may be needed with areas such as eating, drinking, dressing, washing and toileting.

All children have a right to be treated with dignity and respect. They should also be talked to politely and courteously during personal care routines. Time should be taken during personal care routines to promote children and young people’s personal development and encourage their independence in personal care routines. Children and young people who feel in control of their bodies and personal care routines are less vulnerable to abuse.

Religious and cultural beliefs should always be taken into account when supporting personal care routines and carers should always find out about each individual child’s background.

Ways to treat children and young people with dignity and respect:

• talk to the child or young person by name and get to know them before any routine starts
• respect and understand any religious or cultural preferences
• explain procedures in a language and using vocabulary the child or young person understands
• respect any personal preferences of the child/young person
• encourage independence
• involve the child or young persons in decisions
• request permission to touch, undress
• ensure privacy and modesty.

Religious and cultural considerations include:

• African-Caribbean Community - Use pick style combs. Cocoa butter or coal tar shampoo are also used.
• Buddhists - Prefer showers to baths.
• Chinese people - Prefer showers to baths.
• Hindus - Like running water in the same room as the toilet. Showers are preferable to baths.
• Muslims - Require a high standard of cleanliness.
• Sikhs - Prefer to wash in running water and a shower is preferable to a bath. There should be water in the same room as a toilet.

Mae arferion gofal personol i blant a phobl ifanc yn cynnwys hylendid personol, ymolchi, brwsio dannedd a misglwyf. Mae gofal personol yn cwmpasu agweddau ar ofal corfforol a meddygol y bydd y rhan fwyaf o bobl yn eu cyflawni drostyn eu hunain ond y gall fod angen cymorth ar rai plant a phobl ifanc i'w cyflawni oherwydd angen meddygol neu anabledd. Gall fod angen cymorth gyda rhai agweddau fel bwyta, yfed, gwisgo, ymolchi a mynd i'r toiled.

Mae gan bob plentyn hawl i gael ei drin ag urddas a pharch. Hefyd, dylid siarad yn gwrtais ac yn foesgar â phlant yn ystod arferion gofal personol. Dylid cymryd amser yn ystod arferion gofal personol i hybu datblygiad personol plant a phobl ifanc a'u hannog i fod yn annibynnol mewn arferion gofal personol. Mae plant a phobl ifanc sy'n teimlo bod ganddynt reolaeth dros eu cyrff a'u harferion gofal personol yn llai agored i gael eu cam-drin.

Dylid ystyried credoau crefyddol a diwylliannol bob amser wrth gefnogi arferion gofal personol a dylai gofalwyr bob amser ddysgu am gefndir pob plentyn unigol.

Ymhlith y ffyrdd o drin plant a phobl ifanc ag urddas a pharch mae:

• defnyddio enw'r plentyn neu'r person ifanc wrth siarad â nhw a dod i'w adnabod cyn i unrhyw arfer ddechrau
• parchu a deall unrhyw ddewisiadau crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol
• esbonio gweithdrefnau gan ddefnyddio iaith a geirfa y mae'r plentyn neu'r person ifanc yn eu deall
• parchu unrhyw ddewisiadau personol sydd gan y plentyn/person ifanc
• annog annibyniaeth
• cynnwys y plentyn neu'r person ifanc mewn penderfyniadau
• gofyn am ganiatâd i gyffwrdd, dadwisgo
• sicrhau preifatrwydd a gwyleidd-dra.

Mae ystyriaethau crefyddol a diwylliannol yn cynnwys:

• Cymuned Affricanaidd-Caribïaidd – Defnyddio cribau pwrpasol i wallt Affro. Caiff siampŵ saim coco neu gol-tar ei ddefnyddio hefyd.
• Bwdhyddion – Mae'n well ganddynt gael cawod na bath.
• Pobl Tsieineaidd – Mae'n well ganddynt gael cawod na bath.
• Hindŵiaid – Maent yn hoff o gael dŵr rhedegog yn yr un ystafell â'r toiled. Mae'n well ganddynt gael cawod na bath.
• Mwslimiaid – Mae angen glendid o safon uchel.
• Sikhiaid – Mae'n well ganddynt ymolchi mewn dŵr rhedegog ac mae'n well ganddynt gael cawod na bath. Dylai fod dŵr yn yr un ystafell â'r toiled.

During personal care routines it is important to protect both the child or young person and carer.

This can be done in a number of ways:

• wearing personal protective clothing
• using safe, age appropriate equipment and materials
• safe disposal of waste, soiled materials
• ensuring changing areas are visible
• carers being visible and not alone with children
• recording and reporting any concerns, marks or bruises
• no mobile telephones/electronic devices in changing areas
• following policies and procedures of the setting.

Yn ystod arferion gofal personol, mae'n bwysig diogelu'r plentyn neu'r person ifanc a'r gofalwr.

Gellir gwneud hyn mewn nifer o ffyrdd:

• gwisgo dillad diogelu personol
• defnyddio cyfarpar a deunyddiau diogel a phriodol o ran oedran
• gwaredu gwastraff a deunyddiau wedi'u baeddu yn ddiogel
• sicrhau bod ardaloedd newid yn weladwy
• sicrhau bod gofalwyr yn weladwy ac nad ydynt ar eu pen eu hunain gyda phlant
• cofnodi unrhyw bryderon, marciau neu gleisiau a rhoi gwybod amdanynt
• sicrhau nad oes ffonau symudol/dyfeisiau electronig mewn ardaloedd newid
• dilyn polisïau a gweithdrefnau'r lleoliad.