Adapting activities for all children

Addasu gweithgareddau ar gyfer pob plentyn

Disabled child playing in the park

Planning is essential in order to give all children equal opportunities. Small and very simple adjustments may be needed such as considering the books which are available. Do the books contain a variety of stories from other cultures including stories about children from one parent families/carers, for example? Are there pictures or stories about blind children, children who walk with the help of crutches or are wheelchair users? Do some of the stories contain pictures of Asian or black children or parents? Are there pictures of single parents caring for children?

Some adjustments are more complex and will need time and money. You may have to ask for support with work such as building a ramp and a handrail or a higher or lower table. Plans must be made for these changes so that all children are given the same opportunity to develop skills and gain confidence.

Activities and games must also be planned carefully in order to include all children and so that all children can take part if they wish to do so.

Very often, the planning for access and resources happens following meetings with external agencies and other professionals. Occasionally, the planning will take place with the support of parents as they know their children best and if a good relationship is developed between the carers and the parents, the children will receive the best quality care.

The purpose of inclusion is to ensure all children can participate in activities and experiences. If this is not possible, consideration should be given to how activities can be adapted to meet the needs of all children.

Difficulty How to solve it
The child cannot hear the teacher's instructions. Write the instructions on paper.
Draw pictures describing what should be done.
The child cannot hear other children. Encourage other children to face the child when speaking.
Cannot understand instructions. Organize games where instructions do not need to be followed.
The child cannot stand. Organize an activity where standing is not needed.
Place activities on tables where the child can sit.
The child has difficulties with balancing skills. Vary activities where children with varying skill levels can choose for themselves.
The child cannot cope with participating in a group activity. Organize an activity to play in pairs.
Difficulties doing a jigsaw due to weak coordination skills, with the whole jigsaw moving when they attempt to place a piece. Put the jigsaw on a rubber mat which will make it more stable.
Stairs/steps prevent the child from gaining access to the playing field. Building a ramp/lift so that all children overcome the barrier.
The way the location is organized is unsuitable as the child needs snacks often. Offer snacks often to the child. Encourage the child to help themselves when they need snacks.
The child wants to play with the balls but has difficulties handling them as they are too small. Provide a larger ball for the child or balls of various sizes so that they can choose.
Having difficulty reading when playing with a lotto word game or a word bingo. Placing pictures rather than words on cards.
A partially blind child has difficulties participating. Opportunities to explore using the senses such as touching, hearing and tasting.

Mae'n hollbwysig cynllunio er mwyn rhoi cyfleoedd cyfartal i bob plentyn. Efallai bydd angen gwneud addasiadau bach syml iawn megis ystyried y llyfrau sydd ar gael. Ydy'r llyfrau'n cynnwys amrywiaeth o straeon o ddiwylliannau eraill gan gynnwys hanesion am blant o deuluoedd un rhiant/gofalwr, er enghraifft? Oes yna luniau neu straeon am blant sy'n ddall, sy'n cerdded gyda chymorth baglau neu sydd mewn cadair olwyn? Ydy rhai o'r straeon yn cynnwys lluniau plant neu rieni Asiaidd neu ddu? Oes 'na luniau o rieni sengl yn gofalu am blant?

Mae rhai addasiadau'n fwy cymhleth a bydd angen amser ac arian er mwyn eu cyflawni. Efallai y bydd angen ichi ofyn am gymorth gyda gwaith megis codi ramp a chanllaw neu fwrdd uwch neu is. Rhaid cynllunio ar gyfer y newidiadau hyn er mwyn i'r plant i gyd gael yr un cyfle i ddatblygu sgiliau a magu hyder.

Bydd hefyd angen cynllunio gweithgareddau a gemau'n ofalus er mwyn cynnwys pob plentyn ac er mwyn i'r plant i gyd gymryd rhan os ydynt yn dymuno gwneud hynny.

Yn aml iawn, bydd y cynllunio ar gyfer mynediad ac adnoddau'n digwydd yn dilyn cyfarfodydd gydag asiantaethau allanol a gweithwyr proffesiynol eraill. Weithiau, bydd y cynllunio'n digwydd gyda chymorth y rhieni/gofalwyr gan mai nhw yw'r rhai sy'n adnabod eu plentyn orau ac os bydd perthynas dda'n cael ei feithrin rhwng y gofalwyr a'r rhieni/gofalwyr, bydd y plant yn cael gofal o'r ansawdd gorau.

Pwrpas cynhwysiant yw sicrhau bod pob plentyn yn medru cymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau a phrofiadau. Os nad yw hyn yn bosib mae angen ystyried sut y gellir addasu’r gweithgareddau er mwyn diwallu anghenion pob plentyn.

Anhawster Sut i’w ddatrys
Plentyn yn methu clywed cyfarwyddiadau’r athro. Ysgrifennu’r cyfarwyddiadau ar bapur.
Tynnu lluniau sy’n disgrifio beth i’w wneud.
Plentyn yn methu clywed plant eraill. Annog plant eraill i wynebu’r plentyn wrth siarad.
Ddim yn deall cyfarwyddiadau. Trefnu gemau lle nad oes angen dilyn cyfarwyddiadau.
Plentyn yn methu sefyll. Trefnu gweithgaredd ble nad oes angen sefyll.
Gosod gweithgareddau ar fyrddau ble gall y plentyn eistedd.
Plentyn yn cael anhawster gyda sgiliau cydbwysedd. Amrywio gweithgareddau ble gall plentyn â lefelau sgiliau gwahanol ddewis dros ei hunan.
Plentyn methu dygymod â gwneud gweithgaredd mewn sefyllfa grŵp. Trefnu gweithgaredd i chwarae mewn pâr.
Anhawster gwneud jig-so oherwydd sgiliau cydweithrediad gwan gyda’r jig-so cyfan yn symud pan fydd yn ceisio rhoi darn yn ei le. Gosod y jig-so ar fat rwber a fydd mwy sefydlog.
Grisiau/stepiau yn atal y plentyn rhag cael mynediad i’r cae chwarae. Gosod ramp/lifft yn ei le fel bod plentyn yn goresgyn y rhwystr.
Trefn y lleoliad yn anaddas gan fod y plentyn angen byrbwyd cyson. Cynnig byrbwyd i’r plentyn yn gyson. Annog y plentyn i helpu ei hunan pan fydd angenbyrbwyd.
Plentyn eisiau chwarae gyda’r peli ond mae’n cael anhawster eu trin gan eu bod yn rhy fach. Cynnig pêl yn fwy i’r plenty neu beli amrywiaeth o faint fel y gall ddewis.
Cael anhawster darllen wrth chwarae gem loto geiriau neu bingo geiriau. Gosod lluniau ar gardiau yn hytrach na geiriau.
Plentyn rhannol ddall yn cael anhawster cymryd rhan. Cyfleoedd i archwilio trwy ddefnyddio’r synhwyrau megis cyffwrdd, clywed a blasu.

Adapting activities for all children

Drag the difficulty to the correct solution.

Addasu gweithgareddau ar gyfer pob plentyn.

Llusgwch yr anhawster at y datrysiad cywir.

Difficulty

Anhawster

Solution

Datrysiad

Correct answers

Atebion cywir