Supporting core practice in Health and Social Care (Adults) Cefnogi ymarfer craidd mewn Iechyd a Gofal Cymdeithasol (Oedolion)
Fire Safety Diogelwch Tân

You have previously been introduced in this unit to:

• The Health & Safety at Work Act (1974)
• Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) (2002)

Other important legislation relating to fire safety includes:

• Regulatory Reform Act 2001
• The Care Homes (Wales) Regulations 2002
• The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order (2005)

More information is available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/fire.htm

The Government is committed to regulating only where necessary and in a way that is more suited to the needs of modern business. That is why the order was made, under the Regulatory Reform Act 2001 to replace most fire safety legislation with one simple order.

It means that any person who has some level of control in premises must take reasonable steps to reduce the risk from fire and make sure people can safely escape if there is a fire.

The Care Homes (Wales) Regulations 2002 state that the registered person in charge shall take adequate precautions against the risk of fire and provide adequate means of escape. They should also make arrangements for; detecting and giving warning of fires; maintenance and testing fire equipment; staff training; fire drills and consultation with the fire authority.

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 covers general fire safety in Wales and England and is an important piece of legislation.

This order deals with fire safety standards for non-domestic premises which include nursing and care homes. This important document covers things such as fire risk assessments, fire detection, risk reduction, training, enforcement, and staff responsibilities.

The order underlines the importance of carrying out a fire risk assessment and keeping it up to date.

The UK Government have produced a booklet providing simple and practical advice to people responsible for fire safety to ensure they conform with the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005.

https://bit.ly/2KElql9

Rydych wedi cael eich cyflwyno yn gynharach yn yr uned hon i:

• Ddeddf Iechyd a Diogelwch yn y Gwaith (1974)
• Rheoliadau Rheoli Sylweddau Peryglus i Iechyd (COSHH) (2002)

Mae deddfwriaeth bwysig arall sy'n ymwneud â diogelwch tân yn cynnwys:

• Deddf Diwygio Rheoleiddiol 2001
• Rheoliadau Cartrefi Gofal (Cymru) 2002
• Gorchymyn Diwygio Rheoleiddio (Diogelwch Tân) (2005)

Mae rhagor o wybodaeth ar gael yn: http://www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/fire.htm

Mae'r Llywodraeth wedi ymrwymo i reoleiddio dim ond pan fo angen hynny ac mewn ffordd sy'n fwy addas i anghenion busnes modern. Dyna pam y gwnaed y gorchymyn, o dan Ddeddf Diwygio Rheoleiddiol 2001 i ddisodli'r rhan fwyaf o ddeddfwriaeth diogelwch tân ag un gorchymyn syml.

Mae'n golygu bod yn rhaid i unrhyw un sydd â rhyw lefel o reolaeth mewn safle gymryd camau rhesymol i leihau'r risg o dân a gwneud yn siŵr bod pobl yn gallu dianc yn ddiogel mewn achos o dân.

Mae Rheoliadau Cartrefi Gofal (Cymru) 2002 yn datgan bod rhaid i'r person cofrestredig â gofal gymryd rhagofalon digonol yn erbyn y risg o dân a darparu dulliau dianc digonol. Dylent hefyd wneud trefniadau ar gyfer y canlynol; canfod a rhoi rhybudd am danau; cynnal a chadw a phrofi offer tân; hyfforddiant staff; driliau tân ac ymgynghori â'r awdurdod tân.

Mae Gorchymyn Diwygio Rheoleiddiol (Diogelwch Tân) 2005 yn ymdrin â diogelwch tân cyffredinol yng Nghymru a Lloegr ac mae'n ddarn pwysig o ddeddfwriaeth.

Mae'r gorchymyn hwn yn ymdrin â safonau diogelwch tân ar gyfer mannau annomestig sy'n cynnwys cartrefi nyrsio a chartrefi gofal. Mae'r ddogfen bwysig hon yn ymdrin â phethau fel asesiadau risg tân, canfod tân, lleihau risg, hyfforddiant, gorfodaeth a chyfrifoldebau staff.

Mae'r gorchymyn yn tanlinellu pwysigrwydd cynnal asesiad risgiau tân a'i gadw'n gyfredol.

Mae Llywodraeth y DU wedi cynhyrchu llyfryn sy'n rhoi cyngor syml ac ymarferol i bobl sy'n gyfrifol am ddiogelwch tân er mwyn sicrhau eu bod yn cydymffurfio â Gorchymyn Diwygio Rheoleiddiol (Diogelwch Tân) 2005.

https://bit.ly/2KElql9

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 states that managers must carry out a fire risk assessment. This will be the basis of all fire safety plans in the care home. The Fire Risk Assessment will identify what type of fire protection is needed to keep residents and staff safe.

This assessment must identify any possible dangers and risks along with considering who may be at risk. They must take steps to reduce the risk from fire as far as is reasonably possible and provide general fire precautions, such as fire extinguishers, to deal with any possible risk left.

Managers must create a plan to deal with any emergency and keep a record of the findings, reviewing them regularly. If there are 5 or more people on the premises then the Fire Risk Assessment must be written down and reviewed annually and/or every time there is a big change to the home or the residents.

The recommendations of the Fire Risk Assessment must then be carried out.

Workers or people using a service or organisation must also take responsibility to reduce any risks of fire in the workplace and take steps to reduce any risks identified.

Mae Gorchymyn Diwygio Rheoleiddiol (Diogelwch Tân) 2005 yn nodi bod yn rhaid i reolwyr gynnal asesiad risgiau tân. Dyma fydd sail yr holl gynlluniau diogelwch tân yn y cartref gofal. Bydd yr Asesiad Risg Tân yn nodi pa fath o ddiogelwch tân sydd ei angen er mwyn cadw'r preswylwyr a'r staff yn ddiogel.

Rhaid i'r asesiad hwn nodi unrhyw beryglon a risgiau posibl ynghyd ag ystyried pwy allai fod mewn perygl. Mae'n rhaid iddyn nhw gymryd camau i leihau'r risg o dân cyn belled ag y bo hynny'n rhesymol bosibl a darparu rhagofalon tân cyffredinol megis diffoddyddion tân i ddelio ag unrhyw risg posibl sydd ar ôl.

Rhaid i reolwyr greu cynllun i ddelio ag unrhyw argyfwng a chadw cofnod o'r canfyddiadau gan eu hadolygu'n rheolaidd. Os oes 5 neu fwy o bobl yn y safle yna rhaid i'r Asesiad Risg Tân gael ei gofnodi a'i adolygu bob blwyddyn a/neu bob tro y bydd newid mawr yn y cartref neu'r preswylwyr.

Yna, mae'n rhaid i argymhellion yr Asesiad Risg Tân gael eu cyflawni.

Rhaid i weithwyr neu bobl sy'n defnyddio gwasanaeth neu sefydliad hefyd gymryd cyfrifoldeb i leihau unrhyw risg o dân yn y gweithle a chymryd camau i leihau unrhyw risgiau a ganfyddir.

All organisations must have methods in place to reduce the possibility of a fire breaking out. They must also have measures in place to deal with the outbreak of a fire efficiently. These measures include the following:

1. Fire risk assessments
   Fire risk assessments must be undertaken and should ensure that:
   • fire doors can close and are not held open
   • fire extinguishers are located appropriately and are in working order
   • electrical equipment is not causing a hazard, especially overloaded power sockets
   • evacuation routes are kept clear
   • the home is kept tidy, ensuring that combustible materials are not in contact with heat or close to fire.
2. Training
   All staff need training from their first day at work. Basic training should include knowing what to do when the fire alarm sounds and where to evacuate residents and staff. Staff should be aware who the fire wardens are and know how to use a fire extinguisher. Care homes should have enough fire wardens to ensure that a fire warden is always on duty on all shifts. Large care homes will require a number of fire wardens.
3. Fire drills
   A fire drill must be held at least once a year by law. As shift working is common in care homes then a fire drill is required more often.
4. Evacuation
   Care homes should have a personal emergency evacuation plan (PEEP) for each resident. Some residents may have difficulty hearing alarms and need a system with flashing lights. Others may need to be evacuated whilst in their beds and be taken to a safe part of the building away from the fire.
5. Testing fire alarms
   Tests should be done at the same time every week so that residents are prepared for them. Every care home should have an L1 fire alarm system. This is an automatic fire detection system which covers the whole building and gives early warning of a fire. This give residents and staff more time to evacuate.
6. Fire doors
   Fire doors stop the spread of smoke and fire when closed. Elderly residents often need help to open these heavy doors. Doors should not be wedged open as they will become ineffective in an emergency, allowing smoke to spread quickly through the building.

Mae'n rhaid i bob sefydliad gael dulliau ar waith i leihau'r posibilrwydd y bydd tân yn dechrau. Rhaid iddynt hefyd gael mesurau ar waith i ddelio â'r achosion o dân yn effeithlon. Mae’r mesurau hyn yn cynnwys y canlynol:

1. Asesiadau risg tân
   Rhaid i asesiadau risg tân gael eu cynnal a dylid sicrhau’r canlynol:
   • gall drysau tân gau ac nad ydynt yn cael eu dal ar agor
   • mae dyfeisiau diffodd tân wedi cael eu lleoli'n briodol ac yn gweithio'n iawn
   • nid yw offer trydanol yn achosi perygl yn arbennig o ran gorlwytho socedi trydan
   • mae llwybrau gwacáu yn cael eu cadw’n glir
   • mae’r cartref yn cael ei gadw’n daclus, gan sicrhau nad yw deunyddiau fflamadwy mewn cysylltiad â gwres neu yn agos i dân.
2. Hyfforddiant
   Mae’r holl staff angen hyfforddiant o’u diwrnod cyntaf yn y gwaith. Dylai hyfforddiant sylfaenol gynnwys gwybod beth i'w wneud pan fydd y larwm tân yn canu a lle i ymadael ar gyfer staff a phreswylwyr. Dylai staff fod yn ymwybodol pwy yw'r wardeiniaid tân a gwybod sut i ddefnyddio dyfeisiau diffodd tân. Dylai cartrefi gofal fod â digon o wardeiniaid tân i sicrhau bod warden tân bob amser ar ddyletswydd ar bob sifft. Bydd angen nifer o wardeiniaid tân mewn cartrefi gofal mawr.
3. Ymarferion tân
   Rhaid cynnal ymarfer tân o leiaf unwaith y flwyddyn yn ôl y gyfraith. Gan fod gweithio shifft yn gyffredin mewn cartrefi gofal yna mae'n ofynnol cynnal ymarfer tân yn fwy aml.
4. Ymadael
   Dylai cartrefi gofal fod â chynllun gadael mewn argyfwng personol (PEEP) ar gyfer pob preswylydd. Efallai y bydd rhai preswylwyr yn ei chael hi’n anodd clywed larymau ac angen system gyda goleuadau sy'n fflachio. Efallai y bydd angen symud eraill tra bod nhw yn eu gwelyau a’u cludo i ran ddiogel o'r adeilad i ffwrdd o'r tân.
5. Profi larymau tân
   Dylai profion gael ei cynnal ar yr un pryd bob wythnos fel bod preswylwyr yn barod amdanynt. Dylai pob cartref gofal gael system larwm tân L1. Mae hon yn system canfod tân awtomatig sy'n cwmpasu’r adeilad cyfan ac yn rhoi rhybudd cynnar o dân. Mae hyn yn rhoi mwy o amser i breswylwyr a staff adael.
6. Drysau tân
   Mae drysau tân yn atal lledaeniad mwg a thân pan fyddant ar gau. Yn aml mae preswylwyr oedrannus angen help i agor y drysau trwm hyn. Ni ddylid cadw’r drysau ar agor gan na fyddant yn effeithiol mewn argyfwng gan ganiatáu i fwg ymledu'n gyflym drwy'r adeilad.

If there is a fire at a care home then its effect can be greater than a private home as it is much more difficult to get vulnerable residents out quickly especially the very young, the ill, or the very old. At night, the risk can be greater when there are likely to be less staff on duty at the home.

Care homes should have a personal emergency evacuation plan (PEEP) for each resident. Some residents may have difficulty hearing alarms and need a system with flashing lights. Others may need to be evacuated whilst in their beds and be taken to a safe part of the building away from the fire. If residents are bedbound, then maintaining good fire doors is essential so that part of the building will still be free from fire and smoke.

The UK government legislation ensures that all organisations providing services to people must have an evacuation plan in place for dealing with any outbreak of fire. These include hospitals, care homes and child care facilities.

Plans must have:

• a clear passageway to all escape routes
• clearly marked escape routes that are as short and direct as possible
• enough exits and routes for all people to escape
• emergency doors that open easily
• emergency lighting where needed
• training for all employees to know and use the escape routes
• a safe meeting point for staff.

Access your school/college policy on “fire evacuation procedures”.

Check if the policy includes all of the above requirements.

Os oes tân mewn cartref gofal yna gall ei effaith fod yn fwy na chartref preifat gan ei fod yn llawer anoddach cael trigolion bregus allan yn gyflym yn enwedig yr rhai sy’n ifanc iawn, yn sâl, neu'r rhai sy’n hen iawn. Yn y nos y gall y risg fod yn fwy pan mae'n debygol y bydd llai o staff ar ddyletswydd yn y cartref.

Dylai cartrefi gofal fod â chynllun gadael mewn argyfwng personol (PEEP) ar gyfer pob preswylydd. Efallai y bydd rhai preswylwyr yn ei chael hi’n anodd clywed larymau ac angen system gyda goleuadau sy'n fflachio. Efallai y bydd angen symud eraill tra bod nhw yn eu gwelyau a’u cludo i ran ddiogel o'r adeilad i ffwrdd o'r tân. Os oes preswylwyr nad ydynt yn gallu symud o’u gwelyau, yna mae cynnal drysau tân da yn hanfodol fel y bydd rhan o’r adeilad lle nad oes unrhyw dân na mwg.

Mae ddeddfwriaeth llywodraeth y DU yn sicrhau bod yn rhaid i bob sefydliad sy'n darparu gwasanaethau i bobl gael cynllun gwacáu ar waith ar gyfer delio ag unrhyw achos o dân. Mae'r rhain yn cynnwys ysbytai, cartrefi gofal a chyfleusterau gofal plant.

Mae’n rhaid i gynlluniau gynnwys:

• ffordd glir i gyrraedd yr holl lwybrau dianc
• llwybrau dianc wedi’u marcio'n glir sydd mor fyr ac uniongyrchol ag y bo modd
• digon o allanfeydd a llwybrau er mwyn i bawb ddianc
• drysau argyfwng sy'n agor yn rhwydd
• goleuadau argyfwng lle bo angen
• hyfforddiant i bob gweithiwr wybod a defnyddio'r llwybrau dianc
• man cyfarfod diogel i staff.

Edrychwch ar bolisi eich ysgol/coleg ar “weithdrefnau gwacáu mewn tân”.

Gwiriwch p’un a yw'r polisi yn cynnwys pob un o'r gofynion uchod.