Promoting support for individuals with a learning disability and/or autism Hybu cymorth i unigolion ag anabledd dysgu a/neu awtistiaeth
Health conditions and the importance of health checks Cyflyrau iechyd a phwysigrwydd archwiliadau iechyd

There are a number of health conditions that are associated with learning disabilities, including:

• Being underweight or overweight – Adults with a learning disability are significantly more likely to be underweight and malnourished than the general population due to swallowing and feeding problems. Obesity is more prevalent in females with mild learning disabilities, particularly if they also have Down’s syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome. This can lead to Type 2 diabetes and heart problems
• Dementia – Individuals with Down’s syndrome have a greater chance of developing dementia, especially at a younger age. It has also been found that engaging in intellectually stimulating activities at a later age can help stop dementia from developing. As individuals with a learning disability are less likely to be engaged in such activities than the general population, it is possible that this has a negative impact on their brain functioning (Strydom et al. 2013).
• Epilepsy – Research indicates that epilepsy is more prevalent in adults with a learning disability than those without; and is more common amongst men and those with a higher level of impairment (Joint Epilepsy Council of the UK and Ireland 2011; McGrother et al. 2006). Epilepsy is more likely to be complex and treatment resistant in this group of individuals.
• Respiratory disease – Respiratory infections are the most common cause of death, particularly in people with severe learning disability.
• Ulcers – Individuals are more likely to develop stomach ulcers, and doctors believe this could be due to a higher prevalence of institutionalisation, lower socio-economic status and poorer hygiene.
• Cervical spine malformation – This is a common condition in individuals with Down’s Syndrome.

Mae nifer o gyflyrau iechyd sy'n gysylltiedig ag anableddau dysgu, gan gynnwys:

• Bod o dan bwysau neu dros bwysau – Mae oedolion ag anabledd dysgu yn sylweddol fwy tebygol o fod o dan bwysau ac o ddioddef diffyg maeth na'r boblogaeth gyffredinol oherwydd problemau llyncu a bwydo. Mae gordewdra yn fwy amlwg ymhlith menywod â mân anableddau dysgu, yn arbennig os oes ganddynt syndrom Down neu syndrom Prader-Willi hefyd. Gall hyn arwain at ddiabetes Math 2 a phroblemau â'r galon.
• Dementia – Mae tebygolrwydd uwch y bydd unigolion â syndrom Down yn datblygu dementia, yn enwedig yn ifancach. Nodwyd hefyd y gall ymgysylltu â gweithgareddau deallusol ysgogol yn ddiweddarach mewn bywyd helpu i atal dementia rhag datblygu. Gan fod unigolion ag anabledd dysgu yn llai tebygol o ymgymryd â gweithgareddau o'r fath na'r boblogaeth gyffredinol, mae'n bosibl bod hyn yn cael effaith negyddol ar weithrediad eu hymennydd (Strydom et al. 2013).
• Epilepsi – Noda gwaith ymchwil fod epilepsi yn fwy amlwg ymhlith oedolion ag anabledd dysgu na'r rheini heb anabledd dysgu a'i fod yn fwy cyffredin ymhlith dynion a'r rheini â lefel nam uwch (Cyd-gyngor Epilepsi'r DU ac Iwerddon 2011; McGrother et al. 2006). Mae epilepsi yn fwy tebygol o fod yn gymhleth ac i ymwrthod triniaeth yn y grŵp hwn o unigolion.
• Clefyd anadlol – Heintiau anadlol yw'r ffactor mwyaf cyffredin sy'n achosi marwolaeth, yn enwedig ymhlith pobl ag anabledd dysgu difrifol.
• Wlserau – Mae unigolion yn fwy tebygol o ddatblygu wlserau stumog, ac yn ôl meddygon, gellid priodoli hyn i'r ffaith bod mwy o unigolion wedi'u sefydliadu, statws economaidd-gymdeithasol is a hylendid gwael.
• Camffurfiad serfigol asgwrn y cefn – Cyflwr cyffredin ymhlith unigolion â Syndrom Down.

Individuals with a learning disability have the same rights as the rest of the population to high quality healthcare. Unfortunately, statistics show that there are barriers to them accessing good quality care, such as:

• a lack of accessible transport links
• people not being identified as having a learning disability
• staff having little understanding about learning disabilities
• failure to recognise that a person with a learning disability is unwell
• failure to make a correct diagnosis
• anxiety or lack of confidence for the individual with a learning disability
• lack of joint working from different care providers
• insufficient involvement in health and end of life care from workers who support the individual on a day to day basis.

(Heslop et al 2013; Tuffrey-Wijnes et al 2013; Allerton and Emerson 2012)

Mae gan unigolion ag anabledd dysgu yr un hawliau â gweddill y boblogaeth o ran gofal iechyd o ansawdd uchel. Yn anffodus, dengys ystadegau bod rhwystrau yn eu hatal rhag cael gafael ar ofal o ansawdd da, fel:

• diffyg cysylltiadau trafnidiaeth hygyrch
• pobl na nodwyd bod ganddynt anabledd dysgu
• dealltwriaeth brin ymhlith y staff o anableddau dysgu
• methiant i gydnabod bod person ag anabledd dysgu yn sâl
• methiant i wneud diagnosis cywir
• gorbryder neu ddiffyg hyder ar ran yr unigolyn ag anabledd dysgu
• diffyg cydweithio gan wahanol ddarparwyr gofal
• cyfranogiad annigonol mewn iechyd a gofal diwedd oes wrth weithwyr sy’n cefnogi’r unigolyn o ddydd i ddydd.

(Heslop et al 2013; Tuffrey-Wijnes et al 2013; Allerton ac Emerson 2012)

There are many challenges for individuals with learning disabilities in accessing end of life care. Marie Curie undertook research in Cardiff in 2016 and found that:

• limited understanding of palliative care was a factor in reducing individuals’ access to services. Many individuals perceived hospices as a place to go to die, instead of a place where symptoms could be controlled and individuals could receive support to live the rest of their life
• individuals felt that accepting palliative care services was admitting that they were dying
• individuals’ understanding of who could access palliative care services was often limited. Many assumed that support was only available to individuals with cancer
• social care professionals also lacked knowledge and understanding about palliative care services
• as social care services are often the point of entry for individuals with learning disabilities or dementia to get different types of support, the lack of understanding about palliative care by social care professionals prevents them from getting the help they need
• there was limited availability of accessible information, either in easy-read or audio-visual format, to help reduce fears about palliative care
• individuals with learning disabilities were not included in conversations about death. This can make it incredibly challenging to access appropriate care and could mean that the individual doesn’t have the chance to express their own wishes.

https://bit.ly/2xj7aq1

Mae unigolion ag anableddau dysgu yn wynebu llawer o heriau wrth gael gafael ar ofal diwedd oes. Cynhaliodd Marie Curie waith ymchwil yng Nghaerdydd yn 2016 gan ddod i'r casgliadau canlynol:

• Roedd dealltwriaeth gyfyngedig o ofal lliniarol yn ffactor wrth leihau gallu unigolyn i gael gafael ar wasanaethau. Roedd llawer o unigolion o'r farn mai lleoedd i fynd i farw oedd hosbisau, yn hytrach na lleoliad lle y gellid rheoli symptomau ac y gallai unigolion gael cymorth i fyw gweddill eu bywyd.
• Roedd unigolion yn teimlo bod derbyn gwasanaethau gofal lliniarol yn golygu eu bod yn cyfaddef eu bod yn marw.
• Roedd dealltwriaeth unigolion o bwy allai gael gafael ar wasanaethau gofal lliniarol yn aml yn gyfyngedig. Roedd llawer yn tybio mai dim ond unigolion â chanser allai gael gafael ar gymorth.
• Nid oedd gan weithwyr gofal cymdeithasol proffesiynol ddigon o wybodaeth na dealltwriaeth am wasanaethau gofal lliniarol.
• Gan mai'r gwasanaethau gofal cymdeithasol yn aml yw'r lleoliad cyntaf i unigolion ag anableddau dysgu neu ddementia gael gwahanol fathau o gymorth, mae diffyg dealltwriaeth gweithwyr gofal cymdeithasol proffesiynol o ofal lliniarol yn eu hatal rhag cael gafael ar yr help sydd ei angen arnynt.
• Prin oedd y wybodaeth hygyrch a oedd ar gael, naill ai ar ffurf hawdd ei darllen neu ar ffurf glyweledol, er mwyn helpu i leihau ofnau ynghylch gofal lliniarol.
• Nid oedd unigolion ag anableddau dysgu yn cael eu cynnwys mewn sgyrsiau am farwolaeth. Gall hyn ei gwneud hi'n anodd iawn cael gafael ar ofal priodol a gallai olygu na chaiff yr unigolyn gyfle i fynegi ei ddymuniadau personol.

https://bit.ly/2J4Zihr

Health promotion and early intervention for individuals with a learning disability focuses on four aspects:

Supporting a healthy lifestyle

• Individuals should be provided with information in a variety of formats to help them make informed choices about diet and exercise.
• Individuals must be supported to make healthy lifestyle choices and healthcare staff must be trained in order to deliver effective support.
• Workers need knowledge of practical and nutritional guidelines to enable them to support individuals to develop suitable menus and make good food choices when planning meals.
• GPs should be involved in promoting the nutritional health of individuals with learning disabilities throughout their lives.

Early intervention

• Individuals should be encouraged to visit their GP for an annual health check as they often find it difficult to detect illness or successfully communicate their needs.
• Everyone with a learning disability should be encouraged to be involved in developing their own health action plan, with support from a health facilitator, and to include in it information about their nutritional health.
• Individuals should be given access to information in a variety of formats about screening programmes that provide early detection of a variety of health problems.

Providing health education

• Health education should be provided for both the individual and their carers so that they can provide effective support.
• Health education should cover the individual’s physical, mental and sexual health, supporting the individual to understand when they need to seek professional support.
• Health education should be used to eliminate fear of hospitals or medical procedures, by showing the individual what will happen if they need to go into hospital. This will lessen the individual’s anxiety .

Making healthcare person-centred

• Healthcare providers need to understand that to eliminate healthcare inequality they need to do more than provide the same service they offer to everyone else. They need to deliver, where possible, a service that supports the needs of the individual.
• Healthcare professionals need to be trained in understanding learning disabilities and the particular issues that affect the individual .
• Healthcare professionals should understand how to communicate with the individual and their family and involve them in making decisions relating to their medical care.
• Make use of the hospital passport to allow healthcare staff to understand what is important to the individual and provide individualised support. Workers can download a copy of the internet and support the individual to complete one to take into hospital with them. http://bit.ly/2T4Lz0W

Mae hybu iechyd ac ymyrryd yn gynnar i unigolion ag anabledd dysgu yn canolbwyntio ar bedair agwedd:

Cefnogi ffordd iach o fyw

• Dylid rhoi gwybodaeth i unigolion mewn amrywiaeth o fformatau er mwyn helpu iddynt wneud dewisiadau hyddysg am ddeiet ac ymarfer corff.
• Rhaid helpu unigolion i wneud dewisiadau ynghylch ffyrdd iach o fyw a rhaid sicrhau bod staff gofal iechyd wedi'u hyfforddi er mwyn gallu rhoi cymorth effeithiol.
• Mae gweithwyr angen gwybodaeth o ganllawiau ymarferol a maethol i’w galluogi nhw i gefnogi unigolion i ddatblygu bwydlenni addas a gwneud dewisiadau bwyd da wrth gynllunio prydau.
• Dylai meddygon teulu hefyd hybu iechyd maethol unigolion ag anableddau dysgu drwy gydol eu bywyd.

Ymyrryd yn gynnar

• Dylid annog unigolion i fynd i weld eu meddyg teulu am archwiliad iechyd blynyddol gan eu bod yn aml yn ei chael hi'n anodd canfod salwch neu gyfathrebu eu hanghenion yn llwyddiannus.
• Dylid annog pawb ag anabledd dysgu i fod yn rhan o'r broses o ddatblygu eu cynllun gweithredu iechyd, gyda chymorth gan hwylusydd iechyd, ac i'w gynnwys fel rhan o'r wybodaeth am eu hiechyd maethol.
• Dylid sicrhau y gall unigolion gael gafael ar wybodaeth mewn amrywiaeth o fformatau am raglenni sgrinio a all ganfod amrywiaeth o broblemau iechyd yn gynnar.

Darparu addysg iechyd

• Dylid rhoi addysg iechyd i'r unigolyn a'i ofalwyr er mwyn iddynt allu rhoi cymorth effeithiol.
• Dylai addysg iechyd ymdrin ag iechyd corfforol, iechyd meddwl ac iechyd rhywiol yr unigolyn, gan ei helpu i ddeall pan fod angen iddo ofyn am gymorth proffesiynol.
• Dylid defnyddio addysg iechyd i ddileu'r ofn o ysbytai neu weithdrefnau meddygol, drwy ddangos i'r unigolyn beth fydd yn digwydd os bydd angen iddo fynd i'r ysbyty. Bydd hyn yn lleihau pryder yr unigolyn.

Sicrhau bod gofal iechyd yn canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn

• Mae angen i ddarparwyr gofal iechyd ddeall bod angen iddynt wneud mwy na dim ond darparu'r un gwasanaeth ag y maent yn ei gynnig i bawb arall er mwyn cael gwared ar anghydraddoldeb iechyd. Lle y bo'n bosibl, mae angen iddynt ddarparu gwasanaeth sy'n diwallu anghenion yr unigolyn.
• Mae angen hyfforddi gweithwyr gofal iechyd proffesiynol er mwyn iddynt ddeall anableddau dysgu a'r problemau penodol sy'n effeithio ar yr unigolyn.
• Dylai gweithwyr gofal iechyd proffesiynol ddeall sut i gyfathrebu â'r unigolyn a'i deulu a'u cynnwys wrth wneud penderfyniadau sy'n ymwneud â'i ofal meddygol.
• Gwneud defnydd o drwydded yr ysbyty er mwyn galluogi staff gofal iechyd i ddeall beth sy’n bwysig i’r unigolyn a darparu cefnogaeth unigol. Gall gweithwyr lawrlwytho copi o’r rhyngrwyd a chefnogi’r unigolyn wrth gwblhau un i fynd ag ef i’r ysbyty gyda nhw. http://bit.ly/2T4Lz0W

Annual checks for individuals with learning disabilities are vital because they might not know how to recognise or articulate signs of ill health.

During the health check their doctor will:

• do a physical check-up, including weight, heart rate, blood pressure and take blood and urine samples for testing
• talk to the individual about staying well and ascertain whether any support needs to be provided. This information would then be passed on to the team involved in their care
• ask about things that are more common in individuals with learning disabilities, such as epilepsy, constipation or problems with swallowing
• talk to them about their medications
• if they have an ongoing health problem such as asthma or diabetes, the GP or nurse will check how these are progressing
• check to see if the individual has any other health appointments, such as physiotherapy or speech therapy, and remind both them and the worker of the appointment
• ask if family and carers are getting the support they need
• if the individual’s learning disability has a specific cause, the GP or practice nurse will often carry out additional tests if there are any other health risks
• for people with Down's syndrome, for example, they may do a test to see if the thyroid gland is working properly.

Mae archwiliadau blynyddol yn hanfodol i unigolion ag anableddau dysgu gan nad ydynt efallai yn gwybod sut i nodi na mynegi arwyddion salwch.

Yn ystod yr archwiliad iechyd, bydd eu meddyg yn gwneud y canlynol:

• cynnal archwiliad corfforol, gan gynnwys pwysau, cyfradd curiad y galon, pwysedd gwaed a chymryd samplau gwaed ac wrin er mwyn cynnal profion arnynt
• siarad â'r unigolyn am aros yn iach a chanfod p'un a oes angen darparu unrhyw gymorth. Wedyn, caiff y wybodaeth hon ei throsglwyddo i'r tîm sy'n gofalu amdano
• holi am bethau sy'n fwy cyffredin ymhlith unigolion ag anableddau dysgu, fel epilepsi, rhwymedd neu broblemau wrth lyncu
• trafod eu meddyginiaethau â nhw
• os oes ganddynt broblem iechyd barhaus fel asthma neu ddiabetes, bydd y meddyg teulu neu'r nyrs yn edrych i weld sut mae'r cyflyrau hyn yn datblygu
• edrych i weld a oes gan yr unigolyn unrhyw apwyntiadau iechyd eraill, fel ffisiotherapi neu therapi lleferydd a'i atgoffa ac atgoffa y gweithiwr am yr apwyntiad
• gofyn a yw'r teulu a'r gofalwyr yn cael y cymorth sydd ei angen arnynt
• os bydd achos penodol dros anabledd dysgu'r unigolyn, bydd y meddyg teulu neu'r nyrs yn aml yn cynnal profion ychwanegol os bydd unrhyw risgiau iechyd eraill
• ar gyfer pobl â syndrom Down, er enghraifft, mae'n bosibl y byddant yn cynnal prawf er mwyn gweld a yw'r chwarren thyroid yn gweithio'n iawn.

In Wales, the Welsh Annual Health Check for individuals with learning disabilities promotes early detection and treatment of health problems.

Individuals with a learning disability need to register with their GP so that they can ensure the individual is supported during their visit to the GP; for example, they would be given a longer appointment time.

Individuals need to understand that they are responsible for their health too and should be encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle, which includes ensuring that they attend all health checks and screenings they are invited to.

Yng Nghymru, mae Archwiliad Iechyd Blynyddol Cymru i unigolion ag anableddau dysgu yn ei gwneud hi'n haws canfod problemau iechyd yn gynnar a'u trin.

Mae angen i unigolion ag anabledd dysgu gofrestru â'u meddyg teulu er mwyn gallu sicrhau y caiff yr unigolyn gefnogaeth briodol wrth ymweld â'r meddyg teulu; er enghraifft, byddai'n cael apwyntiad hirach.

Mae angen i unigolion ddeall eu bod nhw'n gyfrifol am eu hiechyd hefyd a dylid eu hannog i fabwysiadu ffordd iach o fyw, sy'n cynnwys sicrhau eu bod yn mynychu pob archwiliad iechyd a phob apwyntiad sgrinio y cânt wahoddiad iddo.

Carers can support individuals to understand the importance of an annual health check and can help to prepare them and relieve potential anxiety by explaining what will happen.

Videos explaining what to expect could be used for individuals with profound learning difficulties.

Gall gofalwyr helpu unigolion i ddeall pwysigrwydd archwiliad iechyd blynyddol a gallant helpu i'w paratoi a lleihau unrhyw bryder posibl drwy egluro beth fydd yn digwydd.

Gellid defnyddio fideos sy'n egluro beth i'w ddisgwyl ar gyfer unigolion ag anawsterau dysgu dwys.

They should be supported to understand that:

• they do not have to be ill to have a health check
• it will help them stay well by talking about their health
• any problems will be found early, so that they get the right care
• they will build a relationship with their GP, which will help the GP provide them with effective care if they are ever ill
• most health problems are simple to treat once they are identified
• their GP can help stop them getting a serious health condition which is better than waiting until they are ill
• they can ask their GP questions about their health, their care or any medicines they take. They can also discuss how they are feeling
• their GP will be able to give them the information they need to stay healthy in a way that they will understand.

Dylid eu helpu i ddeall y canlynol:

• nad oes yn rhaid iddynt fod yn sâl er mwyn cael archwiliad iechyd
• bydd trafod eu hiechyd yn eu helpu i aros yn iach
• caiff unrhyw broblemau eu canfod yn gynnar, er mwyn sicrhau eu bod yn cael y gofal priodol
• byddant yn meithrin cydberthynas â'u meddyg teulu, a fydd yn helpu'r meddyg teulu i roi gofal effeithiol iddynt os byddant yn sâl
• bod y rhan fwyaf o broblemau iechyd yn syml i'w trin unwaith y cânt eu nodi
• y gall eu meddyg teulu eu hatal rhag datblygu cyflwr iechyd difrifol sy'n well nag aros tan eu bod yn sâl
• y gallant ofyn cwestiynau i'w meddyg teulu am eu hiechyd, eu gofal neu unrhyw feddyginiaethau y maent yn eu cymryd. Gallant hefyd drafod sut y maent yn teimlo
• bydd eu meddyg teulu yn gallu rhoi'r wybodaeth sydd ei hangen arnynt i aros yn iach mewn ffordd y byddant yn ei deall.

There are a number of things that need to be considered when individuals need to undertake healthcare or medical treatment, including:

• How they are supported
  Individuals should be supported by healthcare professionals who take time to understand them and provide person-centred care, involving them in all decisions. The use of hospital passports will allow everyone involved in the individual’s care to understand what is important to them and their communication needs so that they can be totally involved in all decision making.
  For individuals with severely limited communication, the DISDAT Tool can be used to observe and identify distress cues in individuals with learning disabilities or autism. The DisDAT supports improved communication about distress and pain identification with people, including health professionals, who do not know the individual well.
  http://bit.ly/39QgpQW
• Their capacity to consent.
  Many individuals have the capacity to make some simple daily decisions but not to make healthcare decisions. If they lack the capacity to understand the treatment being offered and the ability to consent then an advocate can be appointed to make decisions on their behalf. However, it should never be assumed that an individual with a learning disability lacks capacity. Under the Mental Health Act 2005 they would need to be assessed to decide whether they would be unable to give consent. There are legal safeguards that must be followed when making a decision on behalf of someone who lacks the capacity to make the decision - it must be done in their 'best interest'.
• How to work with other professionals
  The worker should share as much information as needed about the individual, with other professionals and make them aware of triggers that could cause distress. The worker can be instrumental in supporting the individual to build trust with the healthcare professionals involved in their treatment.
• The duty of generic health services
  Healthcare providers should make reasonable adjustments for individuals in order to support their needs. This could be something as simple as giving a longer appointment to allow for time for the individual to fully understand the information they are being given. Using pictures or objects to explain their treatment could also be used if it would help the individual understand what is going to happen.
• How to implement outcomes
  Integrated care and support across multi-disciplinary teams is essential to meet the ongoing needs of individuals. Everyone needs to understand what care and support needs to be provided and who will be responsible for providing it. There also needs to be clear understanding about who should be contacted should the individual suffer any complications. The individual should be included in the planning of their care and everything agreed should be noted down so that it can be referred to.

Mae nifer o bethau y mae angen eu hystyried pan fydd angen i unigolion gael gofal iechyd neu driniaeth feddygol, gan gynnwys y canlynol:

• Sut maen nhw'n cael cymorth
  Dylai gweithwyr gofal iechyd proffesiynol sydd ag amser i'w deall ac sy'n darparu gofal sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn helpu unigolion, gan eu cynnwys ym mhob penderfyniad. Bydd defnyddio pasbortau ysbyty yn galluogi pawb sy'n ymwneud â gofal yr unigolyn i ddeall beth sy'n bwysig iddo a'i anghenion cyfathrebu er mwyn gallu ei gynnwys yn llawn ym mhob penderfyniad a wneir.
  Ar gyfer unigolion â gallu cyfyngedig iawn i gyfathrebu, gellir defnyddio adnodd DISDAT i arsylwi a nodi ciwiau gofid mewn unigolion ag anableddau dysgu neu awtistiaeth. Mae DisDAT yn helpu i wella gallu pobl, gan gynnwys gweithwyr iechyd proffesiynol, nad ydynt yn adnabod yr unigolyn yn dda, i gyfathrebu mewn perthynas â nodi gofid a phoen.
  http://bit.ly/39QgpQW
• Eu gallu i gydsynio
  Mae gan lawer o unigolion y gallu i wneud rhai penderfyniadau cyffredin syml ond ni allant wneud penderfyniadau gofal iechyd. Os na allant ddeall y driniaeth a gynigir a'r gallu i gydsynio, yna gellir penodi eiriolwr i wneud penderfyniadau ar eu rhan. Fodd bynnag, ni ddylid byth cymryd yn ganiataol nad oes gan unigolyn ag anabledd dysgu alluedd. O dan Ddeddf Iechyd Meddwl 2005, byddai angen ei asesu er mwyn penderfynu p'un a fyddai'n methu â chydsynio. Mae camau diogelu cyfreithiol y mae'n rhaid eu dilyn wrth wneud penderfyniad ar ran rhywun nad oes ganddo'r galluedd i wneud y penderfyniad - rhaid gwneud penderfyniad sydd er budd iddo.
• Sut i weithio gyda gweithwyr proffesiynol eraill
  Dylai’r gweithiwr rannu gymaint o wybodaeth ag sydd angen ynglŷn â’r unigolyn gyda gweithwyr proffesiynol eraill, a’u gwneud nhw’n ymwybodol o’r sbardunau a allai beri gofid. Gall y gweithiwr fod yn allweddol wrth gynorthwyo’r unigolyn i feithrin ymddiriedaeth yn y gweithwyr gofal iechyd proffesiynol sy’n ymwneud â’u triniaeth.
• Dyletswydd y gwasanaethau iechyd generig
  Dylai darparwyr gofal iechyd wneud addasiadau rhesymol ar gyfer unigolion er mwyn cefnogi eu hanghenion. Gallai hyn fod yn rhywbeth mor syml â rhoi apwyntiad hirach er mwyn caniatáu amser i’r unigolyn ddeall y wybodaeth a roddir iddo yn llawn. Gellid defnyddio lluniau neu wrthrychau hefyd i egluro ei driniaeth pe bai’n helpu’r unigolyn i ddeall beth sy’n mynd i ddigwydd.
• Sut i weithredu canlyniadau
  Mae gofal a chefnogaeth integredig ar draws timau amlddisgyblaethol yn hanfodol i ddiwallu anghenion parhaus unigolion. Mae angen i bawb ddeall pa anghenion gofal a chymorth sydd angen eu darparu a phwy fydd yn gyfrifol am ddarparu hynny. Mae angen hefyd dealltwriaeth glir ynghylch pwy y dylid cysylltu â nhw pe bai’r unigolyn yn dioddef unrhyw gymhlethdodau. Dylai’r unigolyn gael ei gynnwys yng nghynllunio ei ofal a dylid nodi pob peth y cytunwyd arno fel y gellir cyfeirio ato.

An individual may require support with going to the dentist, doctors, help with eye care appointments, or even being in hospital. It would be important to develop a plan ahead of their appointments to prepare the individual for what is to come and agree the support they will need.

Ensuring that the individual understands the importance of annual check-ups and screening programmes in maintaining their health. They should also understand that they need to take a certain amount of responsibility (with support) to care for their own health.

Gall fod angen cymorth ar unigolyn i fynd i'r deintydd neu'r meddyg, i gael help gydag apwyntiadau gofal llygaid neu hyd yn oed pan fydd yn yr ysbyty. Byddai'n bwysig datblygu cynllun, cyn ei apwyntiadau, er mwyn paratoi'r unigolyn ar eu cyfer a chytuno ar y cymorth y bydd ei angen arno.

Sicrhau bod yr unigolyn yn deal pwysigrwydd archwiliadau blynyddol a rhaglenni sgrinio wrth gynnal ei iechyd. Dylai hefyd ddeall bod angen iddo gymryd rhywfaint o gyfrifoldeb (â chymorth) dros ofalu am ei iechyd ei hun.

Workers may need to make appointments for an individual to see their GP at the beginning of the day or any other quieter time with some negotiation with the surgery in order to minimise the mental and emotional impact on the individual.

There may be some techniques that need to be used prior to or during the appointment in order to keep the individual calm. Visual tools to use as explanations can help the individuals to understand what will happen so that they are prepared and don’t have to feel anxious about the unknown.

Gall fod angen i weithwyr wneud apwyntiadau i unigolyn weld ei feddyg teulu ar ddechrau'r diwrnod neu ar adeg arall dawelach drwy gyd-drafod â'r feddygfa er mwyn lleihau'r effaith feddyliol ac emosiynol ar yr unigolyn.

Gall fod angen defnyddio rhai technegau cyn yr apwyntiad, neu yn ystod yr apwyntiad, er mwyn sicrhau na fydd yr unigolyn yn cynhyrfu. Gall adnoddau gweledol i'w defnyddio fel esboniadau helpu'r unigolion i ddeall beth fydd yn digwydd er mwyn sicrhau eu bod yn barod ac na fyddant yn teimlo'n bryderus am yr anhysbys.

The worker should ensure that all identified actions are noted down and followed up by the appropriate people.

Integrated care across multi-disciplinary teams is essential to meet the ongoing needs of the individual.

Dylai gweithiwr yr unigolyn sicrhau y caiff pob cam gweithredu eu nodi a'u holrhain gan y bobl briodol.

Mae gofal integredig ar draws timau amlddisgyblaethol yn hanfodol er mwyn diwallu anghenion parhaus yr unigolyn.